The task encompasses the concept of ICT and its function in nationwide and worldwide perspective. ICT integration in Catastrophe Threat Discount is a recent thought. Catastrophe losses will be some-fold decreased if it might probably combine applied sciences with it. ICT can serve in a broader scheme in terms of catastrophe threat discount. The motto of this task is to relate ICT’s contribution internationally and examine it with nationwide DRR measures. The info which might be utilized in listed here are secondary information.
Key phrases: ICT, DRR, Nationwide, Worldwide.
INTRODUCTION
As a result of geographic location and geological settings, Bangladesh has to endure a number of life-threatening catastrophes (Islam et al. 2014). Earlier disasters snatched so many precious lives and destroyed an enormous quantity of property. On this situation, it’s crucial to consider measures that incorporate applied sciences in catastrophe schemes. Entry to correct, dependable, well timed data assists to a terrific extent in all phases of a catastrophe. With out dependable data, folks usually find yourself guessing a sketchy scenario which ends up in an unsure scenario (Wattegama 2014). ICTs have their very own benefits that successfully serve within the enviornment of Catastrophe Threat Discount (ADPC n.d.).
Throughout catastrophe, receiving correct data turns into one of many fundamental wants. Correct reply requires appropriate and well timed data dissemination. Thus, know-how/ICT can serve on this enviornment fairly than dissemination data manually. Not too long ago, there’s a rising consciousness relating to incorporating ICT in Catastrophe Threat Discount (DRR). ICT can assist in shifting paradigm from standard to complete (Hasan and Ayub 2015).
Present coverage acknowledges the significance of ICT in DRR; per se, Hyogo Framework for Motion (ADPC n.d.). ICT offers the scope for correct coordination, administration, aid distribution, search and rescue and so forth.
Though Bangladesh is a catastrophe susceptible nation, it has set an instance in shifting the paradigm of catastrophe; the place ICT performs a task. ICT has contributed to form the information relating to catastrophe, catastrophe threat (Hasan and Ayub 2015). However despite having an infrastructural line up, there isn’t a complete system that designates roles and duties amongst totally different organizations.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Although ICT is a vital device relating to scale back catastrophe threat, there are some limitations for which it can not serve correctly. First, there’s a extreme deficiency of skilled personnel to function technological sector. Second, quite a lot of acts are acknowledged however authorities is reluctant to enact all of them. Third, there usually are not sufficient backup plans in case of energy loss happens. As a result of with out energy, many of the instruments won’t turn out to be useful. Forth, a mass individuals are out of reaching the meteorological information, forecasting because of lack of medium.
RATIONALE OF THE STUDY
The task is carried out with a view to acknowledging the prevailing sample of ICT within the enviornment of Catastrophe Threat Discount. With satisfactory references, it compares nationwide and worldwide scheme of DRR and function of ICT on this regard. As the priority of ICT is growing with the tempo of DRR in current time; it’s important to check ICT in nationwide DRR with worldwide perspective.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The next analysis questions had been taken under consideration whereas doing the task. These are –
What are the present ICT instruments which might be in use in DRR of Bangladesh and different nations?
Is it doable to carry new dimensions in current DRR sample of Bangladesh?
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The targets are the next –
To get an summary of ICT in DRR in nationwide and worldwide perspective.
To recommend some concepts evaluating the higher two views.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Catastrophe can’t be eradicated completely however the loss because of it may be minimized (Hasan and Ayub 2015). For efficient DRR, it wants particular consideration from all sectors. ICT can assist on this regards. It might probably play a pivotal function for decreasing catastrophe threat. There are some conventional channels and rising channels to serve on this regard (Wattegama 2014). Bangladesh gained its recognition within the sector of Catastrophe Administration for shifting into proactive measures from reactive measures. This was doable because of largely specializing in early warning, preparedness, welfare of individuals, decreasing vulnerabilities and so forth.
Complexity and uncertainty is part of eliminating catastrophe threat (Hasan and Ayub 2015). It varies with totally different context, kind, distance, time. So, accumulating and analyzing information manually is a relatively arduous job (Yap 2011). There ICT performs a major function to spotlight the danger zones, formulate totally different simulations to grasp about upcoming excessive occasions.
Early warning beforehand a catastrophe was developed with the assistance of cell phone, radio/neighborhood radio, tv, totally different software program, satellite tv for pc primarily based information, GIS, distant sensing each nationally and internationally (Hasan and Ayub 2015). Amongst them radio, tv, cell phone is marked as essentially the most legitimate device. As a result of, hardly all of the nations have entry to web as most of them are creating nations. However once more they’ve some drawbacks- if they’re switched off; folks stay in darkish concerning the upcoming catastrophe (Yap 2011).
Satellite tv for pc-based communication system can turn out to be useful when floor web, community isn’t at work. In Asian area, Thaicom’s IPStar satellite tv for pc has established for the broadest service community (Wattegama 2014). Bangladesh ought to make one of the best use out of it throughout disasters.
The Indian Ocean tsunami (December 2004) made the world astonished.
There was subsequent to no warning measures and 1000’s of individuals had been instantly in entrance of large killer waves. Within the aftermath of the tsunami, a number of worldwide conferences have been held and so they got here to a conclusion. That’s to construct to Multi Hazard Early Warning System within the regime of South-East Asia. Later Bangladesh additionally confirmed curiosity to this early warning system (Wattegama 2014).
Lanka Software program Basis based free and open supply primarily based software program named ‘Sahana’. Which helped to seek out lacking particular person exhibiting digital bulletin, organized donor group, maintain a digital report of non permanent camp, shelter. So, know-how can assist immensely in terms of catastrophe.
A catastrophe database – ‘DesInventar’; that shops as much as 30 years of knowledge helped 17 nations of North and South America. Later, impressed by this Orissa (India) created a database that incorporates information from 1970s. Once more, the India Catastrophe Useful resource Community (IDRN) is a web-enabled and GIS-based nationwide database that collects and shops data reminiscent of totally different organizational experience, particulars of apparatus. In order that, they are often mobilized rapidly within the time of response (Wattegama 2014).
A case examine reveals that in Haiti earthquake in 2010, the distressed folks might ship a SMS out of value to the Haitian diaspora neighborhood. Then the skin neighborhood added location and handed it to totally different organizations, NGOs to accommodate aid for them. This set an instance for two-way communication, which may be very a lot important throughout catastrophe. However this measure is absent from Bangladesh’s catastrophe scheme (ADPC n.d.). Additionally, GIS is flourishing platform in DRR for creating baseline data for threat assessments. However because of lack of specialists, the sector is remained untouched.
In Bangladesh, Nationwide ICT Coverage was enacted in 2009; and there’s a wide selection of actions are acknowledged with a view to guard residents by efficient ICT administration. It includes reote sensing applied sciences for catastrophe administration and mitigation, SMS primarily based catastrophe warning system, environment friendly aid administration and post-disaster actions monitoring, GIS primarily based methods to watch flood ; cyclone shelters, GIS primarily based methods to make sure equitable distribution of aid items and determine arduous to succeed in areas and so forth (MSICT 2009).
Area Analysis and Distant Sensing Group (SPARRSO), Bangladesh Meteorological Division (BMD), Flood Forecasting Warning Centre (FFWC), Middle for Environmental and Geographic Info Companies (CEGIS), Institute for Water Modeling (IWM) and different group work relentlessly in DRR sector with the assistance of know-how in Bangladesh (MSICT 2009). And they’re attempting so as to add new dimension in early warning system as part of catastrophe threat discount.
RESEARCH GAP
Bangladesh is lagged behind in terms of technological development. There may be a lot alternative to contribution on this part. For instance, within the earlier part, there may be talked about concerning the two-way communication system that helped Haitian distressed folks. As that’s absent from Bangladesh DRR implementation, it may very well be launched from a special approach. Two method communications can not assist solely throughout catastrophe, but in addition in pre-disaster scenario. There may very well be a free portal/line that might solely take ideas, complaints relating to the existent drawback for a selected society.
METHODOLOGY
The task is performed by reviewing and utilizing secondary sources. The task principally adopted the researches, papers, articles the place secondary information are used immensely and qualitative in method.
Conceptualization was step one doing this task. A thoughts map was created whereas choosing and reviewing the information. The info had been collected within the method that helps the concept of the subject.
CONCLUSION
ICT is barely a device that can be utilized for mitigate, preparedness, response objective. The impact of ICT lies in how it’s used for decreasing catastrophe threat. That is the important thing problem. Once more, many of the catastrophe susceptible nations are creating nations. They’ve little entry to web apart from radio, tv. On this scenario it’s troublesome to set an ICT-based DRR system.
Some governments are additionally negligent in terms of incorporate ICT within the nationwide catastrophe scheme. It’s time to understand that ICT isn’t solely a mere device; truly it might probably serve in a broader sense for decreasing catastrophe threat and attaining sustainable future. It may be helpful to all involved stakeholders, non government- authorities our bodies, donor businesses and extra. An all out effort ought to be made for correct cooperation and coordination, constructing specialists and final however not the least mainstream know-how within the current catastrophe threat discount practices.
References
Asian Catastrophe Preparedness Middle (ADPC) n.d., ICT for Catastrophe Threat Administration, considered on 11 October, 2018, hyperlink: https://www.preventionweb.web/recordsdata/47520_ictfordisasterriskmanagement.pdf
Ayo, CK, Adeboye, AB and Gbadeyan JA 2011, Utility of ICT to Useful resource and Catastrophe Administration, Sustainable Improvement and Environmental Safety, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 77-86.
Hassan, M and Ayub, A 2015, Function of ICT in pure catastrophe administration of Bangladesh (Doctoral dissertation, BRAC College).Islam, ARMT, Tasnuva, A, Islam, MT and Haque, MR 2014, Administration Strategy to Catastrophe Scenerio in Bangladesh: An Overview, Int. J. Sci. Res. Pub, vol.four, no. three, pp. 1-7.
Ministry of Science and Info ; Communication Know-how (MSICT) Authorities of the Folks’s Republic of Bangladesh, 2009, Nationwide ICT Coverage – 2009, July 2009
Wattegama, C 2014, ICT for catastrophe administration.Yap, NT 2011, Catastrophe administration, creating nation communities & local weather change: The function of ICTs, Manchester: Report, eds. R, Heeks and A, Ospina for IDRC, Centre for Improvement Informatics, Insitute for Improvement Coverage and Administration, College of Manchester.
