Posted: February 18th, 2022
Shinto and Buddhism in Medieval Japan
Shinto and Buddhism in Medieval Japan
When Buddhist religion was introduced to Japan in the 6th century the
people of Japan were already engaged in elaborate and diverse religious
observances. We now refer to those observances as Shinto religion. At the
time, although many quickly recognized the sophistication of Buddhist
doctrines, there was also a sense that Japan’s native gods (kami) and
Shinto rituals fulfilled roles that Buddhist divinities and rituals did
not. As a result, the concept of honji suijaku (Originals and their
traces) was developed. According to this paradigm, it was claimed that
Buddhist deities appeared in Japan in the form of kami. In other words,
some kami (but not all) were just local manifestations of Buddhist
deities. Honji suijaku continued to influence the understanding of
divinity and religion in Japan until the modern era. It made it possible,
even necessary, for people to respect and worship both Buddhist and
Shinto divinities without feeling any contradiction or ambivalence.
In your essay, please discuss the relationship between local (Shinto) and
foreign (Buddhist) religion in early and medieval Japan. explore the
basic question of how and why Japanese people understood Shinto and
Buddhism, and especially the concept honji suijaku.
The essays should be from 6 to 8 pages long (1500-2000 words), double
spaced and written on 8.5″ x 11″ paper, no more than a 1″ margin on all
sides, with the font no larger than 12 pts. All work should be written in
Standard English, clear and organized, and free of grammatical and
spelling errors. Ideas taken from other people’s works should be so
acknowledged. This is a humanities-based course. The most common essay
format style for footnotes and bibliographies is the Modern Language
Association style, or Research essay writing service – MLA style.
here are some tips.
1)Write taking into consideration what you have learned and researched.
You cannot give an opinion that is not backed up by information. There
must be substance in what you write.
2) Write with an analytical bent. A descriptive essay along with simple
summaries and quotations would normally fall into the D/C range. Essays
that are problem-oriented will get the higher marks. Aside from the
question “What happened” go beyond to “How did it happen” and “Why did
it happen”
3) Pay attention to your writing. Write in good, clear English.
Please reference to at least three of the following works in your
discussion. You may, of course, do background reading, but if you use
material not on this list you must cite it clearly. There must also be a
very strong and persuasive reason that you have used material not on this
list.
1. Andreeva, Anna. “Medieval Shinto: New Discoveries and Perspectives”
Religion Compass 4/11 (2010): 679–693.
2. Blair, Heather. “Religion and Politics in Heian-Period Japan” Religion
Compass 7/8 (2013): 284–293.
3. Bouchy, Anne-Marie. “The Cult of Mount Atago and the Atago
Confraternitites” The Journal of Asian Studies, 1987, Vol.46(2), pp.255-
277
4. Grapard, Allan G. “Shrines Registered in Ancient Japanese Law: Shinto
or Not”
Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 29/3-4 (2002): 209-232.
5. Kitagawa, Joseph M. “Paradigm Change in Japanese Buddhism” Japanese
Journal of Religious Studies, 11/ 2-3, (1984):115-142.
6. Kuroda, Toshio and Fabio Rambelli. “The Discourse on the “Land of
Kami”
(Shinkoku) in Medieval Japan: National Consciousness and International
Awareness”
Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 23/3-4 (1996): 353-385.
7. Rambelli, Fabio. “Before the First Buddha Medieval Japanese Cosmogony
and
the Quest for the Primeval Kami” Monumenta Nipponica, Volume 64, Number
2,
(Autumn 2009), pp. 235-271.
8.Satõ, Hiroo,. “Wrathful Deities and Saving Deities” in Teeuwen, Mark &
Rambelli, Fabio eds., Buddhas and Kami in Japan: Honji Suijaku as a
Combinatory Paradigm. Taylor & Francis, 2002. 95-114.
9. Teeuwen, Mark. “Comparative perspectives on the emergence of jindo and
Shinto” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 70 / 2
(2007): 373- 402.
10. Teeuwen, Mark. Rambelli, Fabio eds. “Introduction” in Teeuwen, Mark &
Rambelli, Fabio eds., Buddhas and Kami in Japan: Honji Suijaku as a
Combinatory Paradigm. Taylor & Francis, 2002. 1-53.
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