The Causal Argument Essay
The causal argument essay is to be a minimum of 2000 words long in which you present and support an argument of causation as defined in Everything’s an Argument, Ch. 11. Your essay must cite a minimum of eight outside sources, six of which originate in print or have print analogues. These sources must be presented in correct Research essay writing service – MLA fashion with both parenthetical in-text documentation and a Works Cited page. Dictionaries, encyclopedias and other general reference works do not count as sources. Four of your sources must be from scholarly journals and/or scholarly books published by university presses. Also, you must have a Works Consulted page with at least two sources. General reference works like encyclopedias and dictionaries may appear on that page.
The topic will be a topic of your own choosing, but just as a reminder, there are a few topics that are off-limits: abortion, death penalty, child abuse, and religion. Certainly, there are many other topics to choose from. You must also provide a word count of your essay at the end of your text. Do not include the name block, Works Cited, or Works Consulted in your word count!
You are submit a proposal to me by Mon., July 22, 11:59 pm. The proposal should be based on the instructions on p. 259 of Everything’s an Argument, plus an annotated bibliography with at least four sources, meaning a paragraph of description and evaluation of each source. Also, be sure to use the Toulmin Model of claim, reasons, and warrants in your proposal.
You are to submit a rough draft for peer editing by Thursday, July 25, 11:59 pm. This draft should be as full and complete as possible, meeting all the minimum standards required for the assignment. The more work you put into the draft, the better your final draft will be. Based on previous experience, I can tell you that the difference in the grades of essays that have been peer edited and those that have not is striking. Be sure to consult the “Out-of-class Essay Guidelines” and the Research essay writing service – MLA Handbook so that you avoid errors in presentation and style. After the peer editing session, you will need to revise and polish your essay and turn in the final draft on Monday, July 29, 11:59 pm. No late essays will be accepted without a verified emergency or illness.
Minimum Requirements:
• at least 2000 words (includes only your composition)
• at least eight sources, six of which originate in print
• at least four of those sources are from scholarly journals and/or books published by a university press
• Research essay writing service – MLA documentation for both in-text and Works Cited page
• Works Consulted with at least two sources
• Photocopies of the sources; highlight the parts used.
The Causal Argument Essay Sample
Topic: U.S Opioid Epidemic
Claim
The United States Department of Health and Human Services, in 2017, declared the opioid crisis in the nation a public health emergency and this outcome could be explained by increased addiction by individuals to the opioid medications due to the over prescriptions by healthcare officers.
Reasons
As much as it might not look the case, there was a time when the United States had control over the rate and prevalence with which opioid medications were prescribed. Such a time was in the late 1990s a time which saw the pharmaceutical companies undergo strict and extensive regulation and invigilation by the state and federal governments. During such a time, the companies existed in sizes that could be managed. In other terms, it was easier for the U.S government to oversee and regulate the practices of these pharmaceutical companies. However, in the same decade, there was an increased demand for opioid medications as the medical officers were prescribing them in large volumes (Zibbell et al., p.177). As a result, the companies were prompted to manufacture in larger volumes and hence the insurgence of multiple varieties of opioid medications in the market. In most cases, the patients asked for the drugs since they served as pain relievers. At the time, the nation tried to raise the alarm at the rate at which they were being issued which prompted the companies to assure the government regulatory commissions and agencies that the drugs were not addictive (Volkow & McLellan, p.1254). The medical community also had issues with these medications, but they were also guaranteed that they were not addictive. Following this outcome, the medical community, as well as overseeing agencies, allowed mass production. In doing so, their action set in motion the process that led to the onset of the opioid crisis in the U.S. As it stands, the U.S Department of Health and Human Services, as of 2017, declared the opioid crisis a national epidemic. Blame was directed to the healthcare providers as most of the addicts acquire the drugs from healthcare facilities.
In addition to the above, there has been a record rate at which the opioid medication prescriptions are being issued which serves as evidence of the healthcare providers’ role in enhancing its prevalence. The blame has been directed to medical primarily to healthcare facilities arguing that they continue to offer the drugs even though they are highly addictive. Thus, the federal government has had to develop interventions to address this epidemic. One of the strategies that are being employed is limiting the number of healthcare facilities that are allowed to issue the opioid medications. According to HHS, reducing the number of locations where these drugs are accessed would help in reducing the epidemic (Murthy, p.2413). One of the reasons that pushed the Federal government to declare a state of a public health emergency is the increased number of people that were dying because of overdose. Thus, overdose-related deaths are one of the indications that the situation has escalated in terms of the increased number of addicts. With addiction comes the risk of death in that those who have reached this state are predisposed to its adverse effects, which include the loss of their lives. Therefore, the fact the government is looking to regulate the number of facilities issuing them serves as proof that the medical community shares the blame (Zibbell et al., p.179). On a different note, there are a selected number of healthcare providers who offer opioid medications. Limiting the individuals is a move by the government which shows that there is a belief that a selected number of medical officers (such as pharmacists) are misusing their privileges and positions to offer more than required prescriptions (Volkow & McLellan, p.1256). Therefore, the perspectives by the government tackle precisely the healthcare providers an indication that they play a critical role in enhancing the prevalence of the epidemic.
Thirdly, most of the addicts have gone on record to state that most of them access the drugs from health facilities. In addition to this proclamation, the opioid medication drug abusers have explained that most of the healthcare officers issuing the opioid medications are looking to make a profit for the increased purchases. Looking at this argument, it is fair to claim that the medical professionals are seeking to make a profit from their patients instead of offering them the necessary medical assistance that they need so much (Gostin, Hodge, J& Noe, p.1545). A good example is the high number of military personnel who have been classified as addicts to opioid medications. Most of them are vets, and the pain relievers are used to help them get by in life. A good number of them were injured while they were on duty; hence, the drugs are helping them cope with the aftermath of war. Thus, the medications offer an alternative for them to be able to deal with the issues they are facing and when they are exposed to highly addictive opioid medications, they have higher chances of becoming addicts (Compton, Jones, & Baldwin, p.161). The blame that has been directed to healthcare officials is that they are looking to profit from the pain and agony of such patriots by offerings them drugs that are highly addictive with the hope of getting them to be their regular clients. In most cases, the military personnel is not in a position to decide on the best type and form of medication thus they depend on the expertise of medical professionals to make prescriptions that suit their needs (Murthy, p.2414). Thus, taking advantage of this aspect is not only unethical but unlawful hence the intervention by the federal government. Apart from this occurrence, there has been a high number of military personnel who need psychiatric help. The pain that they are facing which can be classified under mental issues and most of these issues require customized treatment from mental health facilities and not opioid medications (Gostin, Hodge, J& Noe, p.1547). Those medical officers who are looking to offer the medication in the name of assurance and treatment are doing so for profit, and that should be discouraged. Hence, the doctors and other medical professionals offering over prescriptions for opioid medications are contributing to the opioid crisis by a significant margin.
Evidence
Formulation of warrants that doctors and other medical officials are to blame for the opioid crisis in the U.S can be based on statistical facts. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a total of 1000 emergency visits relating to the misuse of opioids are reported daily. Such a number serves as evidence that there are a lot of people in the nation who are misusing opioid medications even though a good number of the users are not addicts. In addition to this statistical data, the CDC also notes that an estimated 91 deaths are recorded daily (Dart et al., p.242). Therefore a good number of people are losing their lives, which should serve as an awakening call. Other indications that the opioid crisis is warrantied to be classified as an epidemic can be based on the fact that the year 2016 saw an estimated 214 million people were given prescriptions for opioid medications. In no way is this sane and sensible, which serves to offer more reason as to why the blame is directed to the healthcare providers (Seth et al., p.10). An inference that can be drawn from this statistical fact is that approximately 66.5 people out of every 100 individuals were given prescriptions for opioid medications (Dart et al., p.244). Thus, this is a problem that came into being mainly because of the actions of healthcare providers. In 2016, the issuance of these prescriptions was being viewed as a trend, yet the underlying reality is that the number of addicts was increasing hence the epidemic. Another damning reality is that 11 million people in the year 2011 were classified as abusers of the medications (Dart et al., p.245). As much as these statistics are subject to contest, one of the findings that shift the scale of blame to doctors is the fact that out of the 64,000 opioid overdose deaths, 66% of the cases were from prescriptions made legally (Seth et al., p.11). Hence, that offers an indication that doctors and other medical; professionals contribute immensely to the opioid crisis.
Rebuttals
Counter-argument can be on the basis that the pharmaceuticals that manufacture these drugs should be blamed for the crisis. The company has been given the most significant blame is Purdue Pharmaceuticals as they are the manufacturer of Oxycontin. This given drug, among the many opioid medications, is the one that is used mostly and is highly addictive. The blame is based on the basis that the company continues to manufacture drugs that are highly addictive yet there are older medications whose efficacy in treating pain is higher (Compton, Jones, & Baldwin, p.159). On the same note, the same companies employ aggressive marketing campaigns and in doing so, misleading patients. Purdue Pharmaceuticals, for instance, has been criticized over the years by the FDA as well as other regulatory agencies arguing that their campaigns are misleading (Hirsch, p.82) The corporation hopes to make large profits and in doing so limiting the health and well-being of the American population. In as much as this argument holds water, it fails to note that the same drugs are offered by physicians (Frieden & Houry, p.1503). If older medications are better and less addictive, then they should take the initiative to prescribe them instead, as the patients are likely to take their recommendations as opposed to those of advertisers.
In conclusion, the opioid crisis remains a significant challenge in the United States as well as other parts of the world. Overdose related deaths that have come about due to the use of the opioid medications as pain relievers and the medical community has received criticism for their role in enhancing the prevalence of the epidemic. In as much as there are opposing opinions on who is to blame, the fact remains that most of the addictions that are present get their supply from medical facilities. There are many ways through which the crisis can be addressed, but it should begin by identifying the problematic area and blaming the responsible parties. That being the case, the statistical data serves to prove that most of the cases are from prescriptions. Hence the claim: The United States Department of Health and Human Services, in 2017, declared the opioid crisis in the nation a public health emergency and this outcome could be explained by increased addiction by individuals to the opioid medications due to the over prescriptions by healthcare officers.
Annotated Bibliography
Compton, Wilson M., Christopher M. Jones, and Grant T. Baldwin. “Relationship between nonmedical prescription-opioid use and heroin use.” New England Journal of Medicine 374.2 (2016): 154-163.
In this given study, the researchers look to create the connection between the abuse of opioid medications and heroin which are both dangerous. The relevance of their study is that it manages to create emphasis on how dangerous the drugs are if misused and the aftermath of their use. Findings presented are consistent with the claim of this essay hence contributing to the evidence presented.
Dart, Richard C., et al. “Trends in opioid analgesic abuse and mortality in the United States.” New England Journal of Medicine 372.3 (2015): 241-248. Available at https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1406143
Dart et al., (2015) in their study focus on the mortality rate in the nation following the abuse of opioid medications. They offer the number of deaths that have been recorded. The usefulness of their study is that it allows statistical data on trends and mortality of opioid cases to be ascertained.
Frieden, Thomas R., and Debra Houry. “Reducing the risks of relief—the CDC opioid-prescribing guideline.” New England Journal of Medicine 374.16 (2016): 1501-1504.
Gostin, Lawrence O., James G. Hodge, and Sarah A. Noe. “Reframing the opioid epidemic as a national emergency.” Jama 318.16 (2017): 1539-1540.
In this given study, the authors offer the reasons as to why the opioid crisis was declared a national emergency. Hence, the findings made are relevant as they help to support the claim made in this paper that the opioid epidemic is prevalent in the nation. Additionally, they offer assertions that help to ascertain why physicians are being blamed for the crisis.
Hirsch, Ronald. “The Opioid Epidemic: It’s Time to Place Blame Where It Belongs.” Missouri medicine 114.2 (2017): 82.
As for the case of this journal, the author argues that blame is shared among all the involved parties. However, the greatest blame is directed to corporations. Hence, the relevance of their study is that it allows rebuttals to the claim to be highlighted.
Murthy, Vivek H. “Ending the opioid epidemic—a call to action.” New England Journal of Medicine 375.25 (2016): 2413-2415.
Murthy, in this journal, gives the various alternatives that can be employed to address the opioid crisis. Therefore, the study allows the various strategies proposed to be assessed and in doing so look at the measures that are focused on the health facilities. In doing so, it supports the claim as it showcases that most of the attention is towards the healthcare officials hence a reason for directing the blame towards the group.
Nelson, Lewis S., David N. Juurlink, and Jeanmarie Perrone. “Addressing the opioid epidemic.” Jama 314.14 (2015): 1453-1454.
In this given study, the authors look at the dynamics that encompasses the opioid dynamics. Thus, the relevance of their publication is that it allows an understanding of the crisis. The contribution it has to the essay is that it allows an understanding of the issues relating to the opioid epidemic.
Seth, Puja, et al. “Quantifying the epidemic of prescription opioid overdose deaths.” (2018): 500-502. Available at https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304265
Seth et al., (2018) highlight the issue on over prescriptions. Therefore, their study allows the malpractices by physicians to be identified and highlighted. Hence, the journal contributes to the claim as it offers the basis for the blame on the medical providers.
Volkow, Nora D., and A. Thomas McLellan. “Opioid abuse in chronic pain—misconceptions and mitigation strategies.” New England Journal of Medicine 374.13 (2016): 1253-1263.
In addition to the above journals, this study also looks at the strategies being employed in mitigating the crisis. Thus, it offers an avenue for enhanced understanding of the crisis. Moreover, the role of doctors in regulating the epidemic can be highlighted.
Zibbell, Jon E., et al. “Increases in acute hepatitis C virus infection related to a growing opioid epidemic and associated injection drug use, United States, 2004 to 2014.” American journal of public health 108.2 (2018): 175-181.
Lastly, this journal is also used in the essay as it addresses the factors that encourage the spread of the crisis. Thus, it can be identified the areas where physicians are contributing to the epidemic. As a result, the study allows identification of the factors encourage opioids abuse.
Works Cited
Compton, Wilson M., Christopher M. Jones, and Grant T. Baldwin. “Relationship between nonmedical prescription-opioid use and heroin use.” New England Journal of Medicine 374.2 (2016): 154-163.
Dart, Richard C., et al. “Trends in opioid analgesic abuse and mortality in the United States.” New England Journal of Medicine 372.3 (2015): 241-248. Available at https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1406143
Frieden, Thomas R., and Debra Houry. “Reducing the risks of relief—the CDC opioid-prescribing guideline.” New England Journal of Medicine 374.16 (2016): 1501-1504.
Gostin, Lawrence O., James G. Hodge, and Sarah A. Noe. “Reframing the opioid epidemic as a national emergency.” Jama 318.16 (2017): 1539-1540.
Hirsch, Ronald. “The Opioid Epidemic: It’s Time to Place Blame Where It Belongs.” Missouri medicine 114.2 (2017): 82.
Murthy, Vivek H. “Ending the opioid epidemic—a call to action.” New England Journal of Medicine 375.25 (2016): 2413-2415.
Nelson, Lewis S., David N. Juurlink, and Jeanmarie Perrone. “Addressing the opioid epidemic.” Jama 314.14 (2015): 1453-1454.
Seth, Puja, et al. “Quantifying the epidemic of prescription opioid overdose deaths.” (2018): 500-502. Available at https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304265
Volkow, Nora D., and A. Thomas McLellan. “Opioid abuse in chronic pain—misconceptions and mitigation strategies.” New England Journal of Medicine 374.13 (2016): 1253-1263.
Zibbell, Jon E., et al. “Increases in acute hepatitis C virus infection related to a growing opioid epidemic and associated injection drug use, United States, 2004 to 2014.” American journal of public health 108.2 (2018): 175-181.
Definition and purpose
A causal analysis essay is often defined as “cause-and-effect” writing, as the paper aims to examine various causes and consequences in terms of actions, behaviors, and events, to determine why they occur, and what happens afterwards , In practice, students need to include causal claims that contain strong reasoning. One has to prove and say that there is an obvious relationship between two particular events where one is the effect of another. For example, if a selected topic is alcohol damage, the argument “Alcohol consumption (A) causes XYZ error (B)”, where A is a cause and B is an effect.
One purpose of such an essay type is to define and evaluate all pages that relate to the cause-and-effect dilemma. If you decide on a theme idea, it is not enough to simply state that global warming is caused, for example, by chemical plants. You have to include a result with personal consideration and causal analysis. The trick here is in the right structure, where the student tries to convince his audience like in a letter of intent . When university professors review their papers, they look for cause analysis, always looking for structural parts.
Causal reasoning for all students
Causal arguments provide different answers to specific problems. Select topics that have sufficient reasons to write. Sketch a plan before starting your essay. Here are some topics to start with.
A causal argument, also known as causal analysis, can be found in essays dealing with the question “Why?”. Often, the author is unable to answer this specific question. If so, it is assumed that the essay contains a hypothesis about the causes because it does not have an exact answer to the question raised. In this kind of essay the author has to insert a description of the events, followed by the repetition of the thesis. This type of essay topic can be compared to a paper on cause and effect, although the latter is used for less complex topics. The main idea behind the theme of causal reasoning is to find problems (causes) that lead to a particular product (effect). It is important that cause and effect are clearly linked. Most students do not have enough reasons to write my essay about when writing the causal essay. Always sketch a plan before you have the first draft of your report. Your essay should have a solid foundation, well-defined and explained paragraphs, and a well thought out conclusion.
How to Start a Cause and Effect Paper
Decide on a topic
To focus on causes, consider why events occur as they occur. You could write about why you chose your college, what events triggered World War II, or why people opted for online learning. Think carefully about which causes have reasonably led to the result and why.
Consider the consequences and their importance to focus on the impact. Possible topics include the impact of a broken home on children, the impact an excellent or poor teacher or boss can have on you, or the consequences of dropping out of school.
Create a thesis
Write my Essay Online Writing Service with Professional Essay Writers – Explain the causal relationship that your work will focus on in one sentence, your thesis. The dissertation should explain the overall point of the essay and the ideas you use to support it in a logical, clear way.
Develop and organize
Develop the paper with a section of text for each cause or effect listed in the work. Use concrete examples to explain the relationships and illustrate the chain of events in a causal relationship. For example, an article focusing on effects might include a paragraph on how exercise helps diabetics by increasing muscle mass.
The paragraph would have to explain that muscles store glucose more effectively than fat, which helps to lower blood sugar levels.
Clarify the cause-and-effect relationship rather than presenting a comparison / contrast, explaining a process, or defining categories.
Complete your look
Create an introductory paragraph that hooks the reader’s attention through a catch like a quote or a statistic – any concept that establishes your causal link. An essay on the causes of the American Civil War could begin with most people believing that the cause is slavery, but the truth is more complex.
Place the thesis at the end of the introduction. Then develop a final paragraph that summarizes the connections you make and highlights your argument on the cause-and-effect relationship. The Civil War paper could end with the idea that understanding the causes helps the country avoid another such conflict.
Always read the correction carefully after completion of the design.
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