Posted: August 14th, 2022

5G Technologies

5G Technologies
1) Abstract/Summary
2) Homework help – Write Introduction about the topic/domain
3) Background and Benefits of the assigned research topic
4) Challenges in the Research Field
5G Technologies
Abstract
The Fifth generation (5G) technologies have the capability of supporting a large amount of data traffic and the massive number of wireless connectivity associated with mobile communication and internet connectivity. Since its first deployment in South Korea, 5G technology usage has significantly grown globally. The technologies come with several end-user benefits, including enhancement of internet connectivity and stable phone communication, development of new technological applications, and improved IoT functionality. However, 5G technologies have their challenges. Some of the highlighted challenges include security and privacy issues, and expensive costs associated with 5G building, buying, deploying, and upgrading infrastructures and devices.
Introduction
The current digital revolution that is marked by technological evolution in different sectors has generated a new way of working, living, communicating. The co-existence of the machine and human-centric services has diversified the wireless environment, with mobile communication penetrating every part of society. The growth of mobile communication and connectivity within the society has increased the traffic volume and broadened the usage scenarios. 5G technologies are being introduced to sustain the increased traffic volume associated with the growth of connectivity. 5G technology is defined as the fifth generation of cellar mobile communication that comes with improved user experience in terms of service and application delivery (ITU, 2018). This paper covers the major concept associated with 5G technologies, including its background, benefits, and challenges.
Background and Benefits of 5G Technologies
South Korea was the first country that adopted 5G technologies on a large scale by integrating the technology into the Nokia, Ericsson, and Samsung base stations and equipment. The 5G technologies have since expanded and are currently used with more than 224 operators in more than eight countries globally (TWI, 2020). 5G technologies, just as other wireless communication, use the spectrum to carry information, but with higher radio frequencies compared to 2G, 3G, and 4G technologies. 5G spectrums are less cluttered, allowing it to carry more information at a faster rate. Small transmitters are used in the 5G technologies to boost its ability to send communication over a large distance. The antennas are located on street furniture and buildings instead of stand-alone masts used in 4G, which allows the 5G to cover up 1,000 more devices per meter compared to 4G technologies.
According to Paudel and Bhattarai, 2018, 5G technologies come with several benefits that have a tremendous impact on the lives of people and development. Some of the benefits of 5G technologies include stable phone calls and internet-enabled through massive MIMO, which entails large antenna arrays serving multiple network terminals simultaneously. The massive MIMO creates energy efficiency that enables 5G to increase speed and minimize data loss, which enhances clear and reliable phone communication. Internet accessibility increases when using 5G, which has an increased download speed of up to 10 gigabits per second, compared to 4G 100 megabits per second. Another benefit of 5G technologies are its ability to support the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT has increased its integration into different technological devices, creating a connection that allows devices within various sectors to link to each other. The inter-device connectivity and large amount of the devices connected to the internet can result in lower device response and functionality. However, 5G ability to transfer large amounts of data at a faster rate enables the smooth functioning of massive IoT connected devices (Paudel and Bhattarai, 2018). 5G technologies have enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) that has enabled the development of new technological applications such as augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), mobile cloud computing, and video monitoring.
Challenges of 5G Technologies
However, despite the benefits related to 5G technologies, the technologies do not lack challenges. Some of the challenges facing 5G technologies include high costs associated with the building, buying, deploying, and upgrading to 5G technologies. The high expenses related to annual investments needed to upgrade to 5G have raised questions about the justification of switching from 4G to 5G technologies. The higher initial costs that came with LTE plans tend to be the trend with 5G technologies, but more expensive than currently available plans. The carriers also face cost challenges as they will have to incur substantial expenses associated with upgrading their existing infrastructure to accommodate 5G system requirements such as antennas and devices (Bhawan and Delhi, 2019). The manufactures are likely to suffer high expenses in terms of manufacturing 5G-enabled devices and challenges related to how quickly ubiquitous the network develops.
Another challenge facing 5G technologies is the security and privacy issues. Just like any other data-driven technology, the 5G technologies face security threats, and the carriers and network consortiums will have to develop mechanisms that will enable them to remain within both standards and regulations capable of protecting 5G-connected devices against cybersecurity threats (Kritsonis, 2019). 5G enhances data speed, which increases connectivity. Massive connectivity creates a challenge for both cloud-based and data virtualization services in protecting user data and privacy. Additionally, users will be required to remain more careful and vigilant to protect their data, which might be a challenging task.
References
Bhawan, K, & Delhi, N. (2019). 5G-Key Capabilities & Applications. FN Division, TEC. Retrieved from http://tec.gov.in/pdf/Studypaper/5G%20Study%20Paper-approved%20by%20Sr%20DDG.pdf
ITU. (2018). Setting the Scene for 5G: Opportunities & Challenges. Retrieved from https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Documents/ITU_5G_REPORT-2018.pdf
Kritsonis, P. (2019, February 26). Five of the biggest challenges facing 5G. Futurithmic. Retrieved from https://www.futurithmic.com/2019/02/26/five-biggest-challenges-facing-5g/
Paudel, P., & Bhattarai, A. (2018). 5G Telecommunication Technology: History, Overview, Requirements and Use Case Scenario in Context of Nepal. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325250893_5G_Telecommunication_Technology_History_Overview_Requirements_and_Use_Case_Scenario_in_Context_of_Nepal
TWI. (2020). The Fifth Generation Of Mobile Technology. Retrieved from https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-5g

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