Posted: September 2nd, 2022

Adaptive Response

Adaptive Response
The first scenario involving Jennifer who has a high temperature which shows that she could be suffering from a bacterial or viral infection. The body reacts to infections by countering the pathogens using antibodies and the response leads to an increase in temperature (Ueno, Banchereau & Vinuesa, 2015). Loss of appetite in children is also a sign of an underlying problem in the body. Jennifer has a throat problem as well as tonsillitis showing the reason why she has high body temperature. Tonsillitis involves an attack of the mucous membrane by a virus or a bacterial causing an infection (Ueno, Banchereau & Vinuesa, 2015). The skin of the child is dry and hot since the body has lost a lot of water during the period she has experienced fever. Additionally, it is hot since the temperature is high as the body attempts to fight off the infection. The child has also lost a lot of water and the body is generally weak since she is not eating well (Ueno, Banchereau & Vinuesa, 2015). The throat is also painful due to the infection and inflammation caused by the attack on the mucous membrane which is soft and sensitive.
In the second case study, Jack presents with irritation in his hands. The patient denies discomfort, which means that the patient is suffering (Sanders & Mishra, 2016). The patient has been exposed to chemicals. The cells on the skin were affected by the chemical compounds and started reacting. The irritation is a sign that the skin cells are suffering from irritation (Sanders & Mishra, 2016). The irritation of the skin is an automatic reaction of the skin to chemical compounds due to a lack of prior exposure. The reaction causes epidermal cellular changes as well as skin barrier disruption. The skin also reacts by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines which are released in an attempt to counter the effect of the chemical substances (Sanders & Mishra, 2016). The exposure to the chemical components leads to irritation and redness of the skin.
The third scenario of Martha who is a retired 65-year old woman shows the effects of hypertension. Martha has been managing her condition using hydrochlorothiazide. However, as she continues to age, the possibility of decreased immunity and worsening hypertension increases (Butalia et al., 2018). The patient is suffering from hypertension which causes various pathophysiological mechanisms in the body. One of the changes is that the woman is experiencing less sleep and reduced appetite (Butalia et al., 2018). The reason is due to the hydrochlorothiazide medication she is taking. The medication is a diuretic which increases the frequency of urinating at night.
The purpose of the medication is to prevent retention of fluid in the body parts such as limbs. Additionally, medicine helps in increasing the excretion of excess salt, which is essential in regulating the condition of hypertension (Butalia et al., 2018). Additionally, she is also experiencing a racing heartbeat. The increase in the severity of the condition is due to the alterations that increase with the age of the patient due to poor functionality of the autonomic nervous system. Additionally, the body is reacting due to disruption of renin-angiotensin, and sodium and potassium imbalance (Butalia et al., 2018). Other changes that occur in the body include endothelial dysfunction which further accelerates the hypertension condition. Therefore, the patient should understand that the changes in the body are not due to the commitments she has with the sick mother, but due to the pathophysiological changes in the body.

Mind Map
The following mind map presents a case study of hypertension.

References
Butalia, S., Audibert, F., Côté, A. M., Firoz, T., Logan, A. G., Magee, L. A., … & Nerenberg, K. A. (2018). Hypertension Canada’s 2018 guidelines for the management of hypertension in pregnancy. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 34(5), 526-531.
Sanders, N. L., & Mishra, A. (2016). Role of interleukin-18 in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 32, 31-39.
Ueno, H., Banchereau, J., & Vinuesa, C. G. (2015). Pathophysiology of T follicular helper cells in humans and mice. Nature Immunology, 16(2), 142.

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