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Posted: September 9th, 2022

Management Information Systems: Organization and Technology in Networked Enterprise

Management Information Systems: Organization and Technology in Networked Enterprise

Problem statement
Background of my study:

The current world has employed the use of management and information system in managing different methods to facilitate a flow of operation in a more organized way. According to ResearchLEAP, the technology has gone a mile further in advancement compared to what it used to be in the 90s. The decision maker’s satisfaction and the access to information has been studied and analyzed following the previous studies. Most of the business turn from traditional ways into capabilities of using automated decision-making processes to ensure there is reliability and suitability of decisions according to the company goal.
There has been a gradual increase to the use of management information systems. The continuing stream of information technology innovations has helped transform the traditional business world. A good example is the emergence of cloud computing, the use of social networks, and high demand for mobile digital business platforms based on the use of tablets, smartphones, and Ultrabooks. Management Information systems (MIS) have been reported to be beneficial for a company’s operations from various perspectives. one benefit of MIS is increasing the efficiency and smooth flow of operations in a firm.
What makes MIS an interesting field for one to study is the growth and the daily changing technology. There is a whole new world that uses technology to manage and organize their businesses. It has been possible that within a corporate, the corporate can develop different systems and mechanisms through which the firm can be able to utilize the information system for the firm. By having processes that flow smoothly, faster, and are reliable, the business managers can make decisions based on the result they get from the system.
E-commerce has reinvented itself by disrupting the traditional marketing and the advertising industry, where it puts media and content in jeopardy with information systems and technologies being the foundation of the rise in e-commerce. Management of business firms has changed in a big deal. With high-speed Wi-Fi networks, laptops, computers, and smartphones, the managers contact their employees all times and whenever need arises.
To affirm the point that MIS is widely used, America spent $540 billion in 2012 on information systems hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment. It later on spent another $650 billion on business and management services. The figure below shows how various businesses have invested in the MIS for the recent years compared to the early 90s.

It shows that between 1999 and 2015, businesses have invested a lot in information technology. It has increased from 21 percent to 37 percent.

According to Laudon, there are interrelated changes in the technology area such as the emerging mobile digital platform, the growing business use of big data, and the increase in cloud computing growth, which makes most of the business run over the internet. Most of the businesses are using devices such as mobile devices in coordinating work, communicating with employees, and the most important one is providing information for decision making.

However, even though most businesses run on technology today, various problems prevent another business group from using MIS and eventually becoming successful. MIS requires personnel who is skillful and can be able to manage it.
Some of the problems solved by using MIS are as follows:
Many businesses lack strategy. Most of the MIS issues can be traced back, and the information systems leaders are all aware of the different tools they use to gather data on their network though putting the information into use is a challenge.
De Lone and McLean (year 1992) helped identify the factors that influence the success of management information system that help in ensuring the success of decision support systems including system quality, information quality, satisfaction of the user and the impact it has to an individual. The management information systems have been reported to have various benefits by supporting and enhancing decision systems’ activities. MIS’s main role begins by defining the problem itself after which later stages of actions get based on.
The use of management system is considered an essential thing whenever there is a deal of available information for managers.

In my project, I propose doing research that will help determine the management systems and the technologies used within organizations to develop effective management information in a networked enterprise. The research will involve creating a solution to different problems and challenges that are related to the use of technology in the management information systems by modern world organizations.
The research will involve developing various issues that will be solved through extensive and evaluations to help develop a better and clear understanding of the systems used within firms.
According to a document by the Data Service program, which was run by British Educational Communications and Technology Agency the following are some of the functional requirements for developing a management information system. An information system may be a single product or a certain suite of integrated products. The key aspect that pertains to information management is its ability to exchange data with other available systems.
Functional requirements
1. Access remotely
Description: the users shall access the system even when they are away from the organization. It should be accessible via a browser using internet protocols. The aim of this is to enable people to access it from anywhere, and at anytime and has a great user interface for all types of users.
1. Accessibility
Description: the platform will be accessible to all the users. The platform is to enable the interface to be customized and includes changing the display. The platform provider is the one who will ensure that there is appropriate accessibility and guidelines are followed. There is a needs to balance between the accessibility and the provision of information in a proper format.
1. Admission
Description: the platform shall have the capabilities to import and export admission information for all the users. Some of the information will be sent from the firm’s authority, and some will be sent from the firm to the authority.
1. Assessment management
Description: the platform shall be able to support the management and recording of any assessments. The information is expected to include summaries, regional scope, and will be expected to allow entry of assessments at an individual level. It will have the capability to add comments and create various customized fields.
1. Authentication
Description: All the users of the system shall be uniquely identified. Every user will have a unique username and password. Providers are the ones expected to help prevent unauthorized personnel from accessing the system.
1. Web Services
Description: the system shall be capable of supporting web service protocol. It will offer transparently interacting with the appropriate web services.
1. Asset management
Description: the platform shall provide a system which will help in recording and managing assets. It will include tracking of equipment and other resources.
1. Support
Description: the system will involve system information by which it is expected to support the use of software and systems.
1. Messaging
The users will be able to send messages to each other. The system shall support sending of messages to mobile phones and will also be integrated with email.
1. Information access
Description: users will have the privileges to access the appropriate information and every individual will be allocated one or more roles. The roles will be given according to permissions one has and will include reading or writing data.
1. Data protection
Description: the system is expected to offer protection to user data.

Non-functional requirements
1. Deployment
Description: the system shall be locally deployable preferably on a Linux platform at NIT Calicut
1. Security
Description: the system will only allow authorized personnel to access the data to prevent tampering with it. It will be integrated with advanced technology like biometrics to prevent any access.
1. Backup
The system provider will provide a system that will give the users the capability to back their data to the cloud.
1. Browser will have independence.
Description: the system shall be able to work on any browser and can be used on any of the operating system used in modern technology.
1. Data migration
Description: the system will provide an easy way in which the user will migrate their data to a new system incase of update to a new system.
1. The system will be flexible
Description: the system shall be flexible to allow administration at NIT to evolve the processes with no need to contact the company every time there is change. MIS will be configurable so as to avoid code and database schema level modifications.
1. It will have improved Performance
Description: the system shall have the capability be able to handle a 1000+ users at a go with no delay or lagging. This will help prevent some users having trouble accessing their roles and getting access to the system.

Software requirement specification
the SRS have the advantage in that they reveal misunderstandings, omissions, and inconsistencies in developing an MIS system. They provide a basis that helps estimate costs and the schedules that can be used to obtain the approval of bids. They will help me in knowing the basis of validation and verification.
1. Functionality
The system is expected to allow all the users to select the products they need in a firm, monitor what product is sold by the business, they can add one or more products to the configuration. It will also allow the users to confirm the completion of current configuration by updating it so as to resolve conflict.
The system will also provide a search facility where users can enter the search text in search bar so as to search for the services they are need of. The system is expected to display only 10 matching results for the search done by any user, after which it will give the user to navigate between the search results.
The system will also provide and maintain customer profile. It will allow user to create a personal profile and set the credentials they like. The system will then authenticate the user credentials enabling him to view their profile and update it if need be.
The system will also provide a personalized profile where it will show the user’s previous activities and time in which they completed them. It will display and recommend the most searched services by other visitors to the customer.
The system is expected to provide customer support by providing an online help, sitemap option for support, FAQ’s customer support. It will allow the users to select the support type they want and then display the customer support number on the screen. It will then allow the user to enter the contact number for the support team so as to call.
The system will contain email confirmation and maintain the information (it is a required part of the customer profile creation). After a user creates a profile, a confirmation email is sent into their inbox.
The system will provide an online tax calculator to calculate the services one may need.
It will provide online promotions and rewards to all the users and enable the user to select the available promotion.
1. Usability
The system’s user interface will provide a uniform look between all pages and provide digital pictures for all the products available. It will use icons and toolbars severally.
It will provide handicap access by which it will support multiple languages.
1. System reliability and availability
The backend of the system will contain the databases on redundant computers which will have automatic switchover. It will provide duplication of the databases to different storage locations and also provide a RAID V Disk. This ensures that the user’s data is kept safe even when one system fails, the other can be up.
The system will be receiving internet services from an ISP who promises and assures that it will be 99.9999 percent available. That means no time the system will ever be down.
1. System performance
The system will be based on the web and will be accessible from all sorts of browsers. It will experience an initial load time, which will depend on internet connection strength.
The system will use secure sockets in the transactions, which will involve confidential information by the customer. It will automatically log out to the customers after being noticed that they are inactive for some time. It will not leave cookies on the customer’s computer, which might contain users’ passwords.
1. Data storage of user’s information

The user’s browser will not display the user’s password or any other credential data. This will be enabled by the backendbackend servers which will never display any personal information. The backendbackend server will be encrypted.
1. The hardware interfaces involved.
Since the system will run over the internet, all the hardware will be expected to be connected to the internet.

Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagrams

UML Use Case Diagram

UML Class Diagram

UML Sequence Diagram

Conclusion
In conclusion, the system shall be expected to provide a friendly user interface that will be comfortable for all users. It will be online 24 hours for seven days for 365 days in a year, and it will be encrypted to ensure that the user data is kept safe and in good condition. The system will enable the managers to come up with the right decisions concerning their firms. This information will be drawn from the analysis done from the system.

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