Posted: October 7th, 2022

Beowulf Essay

Beowulf Essay.

Reminiscent of the classic epic poems of Greece and ancient Mesopotamia, Beowulf contains all the elements of a tale that echoes through generations and ages. This timeless narrative shares common threads with other legendary stories, establishing Beowulf as part of a larger tradition of heroic tales. Its hero, after whom the poem is named, joins Homer and Gilgamesh in the hall of protagonist infamy. Beowulf’s name is etched alongside these literary giants, signifying his place as a legendary figure. Beowulf is also much like the superheroes of modern movies and comics. He embodies many of the qualities we associate with modern heroes, making him a relatable figure across time periods. He is young, brave, selfless, and strong. These traits resonate with audiences, both ancient and modern, contributing to Beowulf’s enduring appeal. It is one thing to observe that Beowulf is like many heroes, but it is another entirely to explore what it is that makes Beowulf a hero himself. Delving deeper into his character reveals the unique qualities that set him apart and make him a truly compelling hero. They must be the same qualities found in other heroes that make Beowulf heroic as well. By examining these shared traits, we can gain a better understanding of what constitutes heroism in general. Beowulf possesses altruism, proven strength, and dangerous confidence: three essential qualities of a hero.

The first thing to look for when identifying a hero is the motive behind their actions. A hero’s actions are often driven by a desire to help others and make the world a better place. Beowulf’s willingness to come to Herot shows that he possesses an altruistic kind of morality; and what kind of hero doesn’t look out for the interests of others? This selfless act demonstrates Beowulf’s commitment to justice and his willingness to put himself in harm’s way for the greater good. However, Beowulf does have some personal interest in the deed, as he feels that he owes a favor to Hrothgar. His desire to repay a debt adds a layer of complexity to his motivations, suggesting that heroism can be intertwined with personal obligations. Hrothgar had given treasures to an enemy of Beowulf’s father, Edgethow to bring about peace and protect him: “I bought the end of Edgethow’s / Quarrel, sent ancient treasures through the ocean’s / Furrows to the Wulfings; your father swore he’d keep that peace” (“Beowulf” 204-207). This backstory reveals the importance of loyalty and honor in Beowulf’s world, further emphasizing his sense of duty. This does, at least, show that the young warrior has a moral code that extends beyond himself, involving familial ties and events in which he was not directly involved. Beowulf’s sense of responsibility transcends personal gain, highlighting his commitment to upholding a larger moral order. This sense of honor is characteristic of many classic hero figures. Throughout history, heroes have often been defined by their adherence to a strong moral code and their willingness to sacrifice for a greater cause. Beowulf’s willingness to help is so great that he will even put his own life at risk, saying, “Fate will unwind as it must” (“Beowulf” 189)! This statement reveals Beowulf’s acceptance of the inherent risks of heroism and his unwavering determination to face any challenge.

One might be quick to praise Beowulf for his selflessness, but it is doubtful whether he would possess this trait without having another: strength. True heroism often requires physical prowess and the ability to overcome adversity. Beowulf is certainly strong by human terms. His physical abilities are consistently emphasized throughout the poem, setting him apart from ordinary men. He is described as having “noble birth” (“Beowulf” 128); but he is also spoken of in a way that sets him apart from all humanity. Beowulf’s lineage and reputation precede him, suggesting that strength is an inherent part of his being. He is described as “…the strongest of the Geats—greater / And stronger than anyone anywhere in this world” (“Beowulf” 110-111). These pronouncements solidify Beowulf’s status as a superhuman figure, capable of feats beyond the realm of ordinary mortals. His reputation and past accomplishments are those of a hero before he ever sets foot in Herot; but of course, in his battle with Grendel, his strength is exemplified. The epic battle with Grendel serves as a testament to Beowulf’s physical prowess and his ability to conquer seemingly insurmountable obstacles. The author even gives insight to the thoughts of Grendel as the battle turns in Beowulf’s favor: “That shepherd of evil, guardian of crime, / Knew at once that nowhere on earth / Had he met a man whose hands were harder” (“Beowulf” 273-275). Grendel’s recognition of Beowulf’s superior strength underscores the hero’s dominance in the confrontation. Examples of Beowulf’s strength are riddled throughout the battle, the most distinctive being Beowulf’s ability to tear off Grendel’s arm. This act of brute force symbolizes Beowulf’s triumph over evil and his ability to overcome even the most formidable adversaries.

One could argue that there is hardly anything selfless about a hero at all, and that heroism is only a pursuit of glory. The motivations behind heroic actions are often complex and multifaceted, and the desire for glory can certainly play a role. Beowulf boldly claims that he will fight Grendel with his bare hands, saying, “I have heard, / Too, that the monster’s scorn of men / Is so great that he needs no weapon sand fears none. / Nor will I” (“Beowulf” 166-169). This declaration reveals Beowulf’s confidence and his willingness to face danger head-on, but it also suggests a desire to prove his strength and earn recognition. At this point in the story, one might question whether or not Beowulf can stand behind his own words; but it is clear that he is confident in his ability to face any challenger. Beowulf’s unwavering belief in himself is a key element of his heroic persona. He later proves his strength not only by defeating Grendel unarmed, but also by defeating the monster’s mother and finally ending Grendel’s life. These victories solidify Beowulf’s reputation as a powerful and invincible warrior. While Beowulf is prideful and audacious, he is nonetheless capable. Beowulf’s confidence is not simply arrogance; it is rooted in his proven abilities and his unwavering determination. At the end of his life, however, Beowulf’s tremendous confidence and pride are his downfall: “…for the first time in his life that famous prince / Fought with fate against him, with glory / Denied him. He knew it, but he raised his sword / And struck at the dragon’s scaly hide (“Beowulf” 668-671). Beowulf’s final battle reveals the limitations of even the greatest heroes, demonstrating that pride can ultimately lead to downfall. In his final battle, he stays true to his character, never backing down from a fight no matter how slim his chances; but the dragon proves to be his bane.

Beowulf’s selflessness makes him an honorable character. His willingness to sacrifice himself for the greater good is a defining characteristic of his heroism. His strength is a constant from start to finish, but it is what he does with that strength that distinguish him from the monsters in the swamp. Beowulf’s true heroism lies not simply in his physical power, but in his moral compass and his commitment to using his strength for good. Whatever the source of his strength may be, there is no doubting its presence; but even the strongest hero has weakness, and there is one weakness that nearly every hero shares: overconfidence. Beowulf’s fatal flaw ultimately leads to his demise, highlighting the importance of humility and self-awareness in the face of adversity. Beowulf’s refusal to back down from a fight results in his own death, and leaves his country defenseless. This tragic ending serves as a reminder that even the greatest heroes are not invincible and that their actions have lasting consequences.

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Tags: Beowulf, Epic Poetry, Heroism, Selflessness, Strength