Assignment: Disorders of the Veins and Arteries
Advanced practice nurses often treat patients with vein and artery disorders such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). While the symptoms of both disorders are noticeable, these symptoms are sometimes mistaken for signs of other conditions, making the disorders difficult to diagnose. Nurses must examine all symptoms and rule out other potential disorders before diagnosing and prescribing treatment for patients. In this Assignment, you explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of CVI and DVT
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To prepare:
• Review the section “Diseases of the Veins” (pp. 598-599) in Chapter 23 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Consider the similarities and differences between these disorders.
• Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Assignment help – Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
• Review the “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for venous thrombosis. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of both chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis.
Main Post
Homework help – Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:
• Compare the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Describe how venous thrombosis is different from arterial thrombosis.
• Explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
• Construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for deep venous thrombosis. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.
This is how the Assignment help – Discussion post should be Presented
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References
Be sure to list references in alphabetical order per Help write my thesis – APA. See common reference list examples in Writing Center resources on how to cite properly in Help write my thesis – APA various resources such as books, journal articles,and more.
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IMPORTANT INFORMATION
In-text citations should match the references
Please use only Peer-Reviewed articles of not longer than 5 years old
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Please Use at least 3 References.
HERE ARE THE RESOURCES TO USE FOR THE ASSIGNMENT.
Resources
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
• Chapter 23, “Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems”
This chapter examines the circulatory system, heart, systemic circulation, and lymphatic system to establish a foundation for normal cardiovascular function. It focuses on the structure and function of various parts of the circulatory system to illustrate normal blood flow.
• Chapter 24, “Alterations of Cardiovascular Function”
This chapter presents the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of various cardiovascular disorders. It focuses on diseases of the veins and arteries, disorders of the heart wall, heart disease, and shock.
• Chapter 25, “Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children”
This chapter examines cardiovascular disorders that affect children. It distinguishes congenital heart disease from acquired cardiovascular disorders.
Hammer, G. G. , & McPhee, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. (7th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
• Chapter 11, “Cardiovascular Disorders: Vascular Disease”
This chapter begins with an overview of the vascular component of the cardiovascular system and how the cardiovascular system is normally regulated. It then describes three common vascular disorders: atherosclerosis, hypertension, and shock.
Required Media
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012a). Alterations of cardiovascular functions PPT lecture. Baltimore, MD: Author.
This media presentation outlines common alterations of cardiovascular function, including disorders of the veins and arteries.
Optional Resources
American Heart Association. (2012). Retrieved from https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/heart.org/HEARTORG/
Million Hearts. (2012). Retrieved from http://millionhearts.hhs.gov/index.html
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2012). Retrieved from https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/nhlbi.nih.gov/
Veins and Arteries Disorders
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) and Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) are two venous diseases. They have diverse similarities and differences. CVI is a health condition in which blood in the veins collects due to the straining of the blood veins walls (Huether & McCance, 2017). Superficial Venous reflux is one of the common cause of CVI. Venous blood valves are usually required to carry blood or provide the efficient blood returns from the lower body extremities. The CVI distresses the legs. If the blood flow is hindered or impaired such that it causes ulcer formation and swelling, then CVI has emanated (Huether & McCance, 2017). On the other hand, DVT is a medical state in which plasma or blood clot occurs in a blood vein which is inside a body part (Orrapin, Arworn, & Rerkasem, 2016). It affects the veins in lower thigh and leg but can also occur in pelvis and arms. The treatment of these blood vessels malfunctioning has been a challenge for the healthcare providers in that they have symptoms which correlate to other infections. Proper diagnosis is mandatory.
DVT is the formation of blood clot in deep body veins. It is primarily caused by injury to the blood vessel, quick blood clotting, and decreased blood flow rates as well as old age. It is a common venous malfunctioning amongst people of over sixty years of age. Though it may befall at any time, the older people are the most affected group. When a blood clot breaks and moves through the bloodstream, it is called embolism which can easily get stuck in the blood vessels in the lungs, heart, and brain hence leading to severe damage (Orrapin et al., 2016). The risk factors for DVT include sitting in one position for long, pregnancy, obesity, family history, legs or pelvis fracture, cancer, and cigarette smoking amongst others (Orrapin et al., 2016). On the other hand, CVI is a common cause of swelling and pain which is associated with varicose veins which occur when the vein’s vales do not function properly and blood circulation in the legs is impaired. Blockage of the blood veins primarily causes CVI. Blood vessels are usually designed to permit blood stream against gravity to the heart chambers from the legs region. Upon the failure of the blood vessels to function properly, the blood flows reverse. CVI is associated with ulcers, inflammation, anxiety, depression, and skin thickening. CVI affect the elderly. By the age of 50, almost 20% of men and 40% of women are suffering from CVI (Hammer & McPhee, 2014). CVI and DVT are similar in that they both affect elderly and are associated with venous malfunctioning. DVT leads to clot breaking and going to the lungs which cause adverse effects such as death. CVI, on the other hand, occurs when the blood veins do not function properly and thus causes swelling and pain.
Age is the patient factor which impacts both CVI and DVT. DVT is examined through physical emanation. Through this, the swollen, tender and red leg can be noticed. Two test is then carried out; D-dimer test and the Doppler ultrasound of the affected area (Orrapin et al., 2016). Anticoagulant medicine will then be issued to the patient. This prevents the formation of more clots and also preventing others from getting big. Heparin or fondaparinux will be prescribed to the patient (Orrapin et al., 2016). CVI is diagnosed through physical examination. Doppler and venous duplex ultrasound are also used for examination (Eberhardt & Raffetto, 2014). The treatment is both surgical and medical. The patients ought to avoid sitting or standing for too long, lifestyle and diet and also continued exercise.
CVI Mindmap
DVT Mindmap
In conclusion, both CVI and DVT have similarities and differences. They both majorly affect elderly and are venous. However, DVT causes clot breakage which migrates to other body parts such as heart and lungs which causes a fatality. CVI, on the other hand, emanates from improper function of blood veins.
Reference
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Hammer, G. G., & McPhee, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. (7th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Eberhardt, R. T., & Raffetto, J. D. (2014). Chronic venous insufficiency. Circulation, 130(4), 333-346.
Orrapin, S., Arworn, S., & Rerkasem, K. (2016). Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis in Venous Aneurysm following Closure of the Chronic Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistulae of the Lower Extremities. Case reports in surgery, 2016.
