REQUIRED READING :
Luber, M., & Shapiro, F. (2009). Interview with Francine Shapiro: Historical overview, present issues, and future directions of EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice & Research, 3(4), 217–231. doi: 10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.217.
Myer, R. A., & Moore, H. B. (2006). Crisis in context theory: An ecological model. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(2), 139–147. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6678.2006.tb00389.x
Roberts, A. R., & Ottens, A. J. (2005). The seven-stage crisis intervention model: A road map to goal attainment, problem solving, and crisis resolution. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 5(4), 329–339. doi:10.1093/brief-treatment/mhi030
Ruzek, J. I., Brymer, M. J., Jacobs, A. K., Layne, C. M., Vernberg, E. M., & Watson, P. J. (2007). Psychological first aid. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 29(1), 17–49. Retrieved
Applying Crisis Intervention Theories
Understanding crisis and crisis intervention theory is vital to skill acquisition for responders and increases their ability to provide effective responses to survivors. There are three levels of crisis intervention theories. The first and most basic level focuses on correcting temporary affective, behavioral, and cognitive distortions caused by critical incidents. The second, or expanded level, addresses the same components as basic crisis theory and also includes the social, environmental, and situational factors that foster a critical incident. The third, or applied level, encompasses four domains: developmental, situational, existential, and ecosystemic (James & Gilliland, 2017). An understanding of these theories allows you as a counselor to apply the most appropriate theory when working with a survivor of a critical incident. When choosing a theory, it is important to understand that you do not have to be a purist (i.e., adopt only one theory). In fact, many counselors believe it is important to have a working knowledge of many theories so as to adapt to the needs of the client by pulling from several theories when appropriate.
Reference: James, R. K., & Gilliland, B. E. (2017). Crisis intervention strategies (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
To prepare for this homework :
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• Review Chapter 1 in your course text, Crisis Intervention Strategies, focusing on the theories of crisis intervention.
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• Review the articles, “Crisis in Context Theory: An Ecological Model” and “Reflections on Hurricane Katrina by Older Adults: Three Case Studies in Resiliency and Survivorship.” Think about how different theories are applied to critical incidents.
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• Select one critical incident from the news that is of interest to you (this critical incident may be from the past or present).
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• Select one theory to apply to this critical incident.
With these thoughts in mind: SEE THE SAMPLE PAPER FOR IDEAS
1.a brief description of the critical incident and the theory you selected
Ans : get your insights from here :
https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/cbs5az.com/story/24171990/san-tan-valley-woman-dies-from-crash-injuries
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2. Then, explain how you might apply the theory to the individual(s) affected by the critical incident.
Ans: Use humanistic approach for theory http://union-street-health-associates.com/articles/LivingWithTerror.html
3. Conclusion / what are the counselor roles when dealing with this type of trauma and crisis.
Ans : ( pls . use the references provided for you and explain your thoughts cleary)
Apply Crisis Intervention Theories
Local Critical Incident
On December 23, 2013, a woman was involved in a car crash that leads to her death. Krystal Nance aged 28 who was a mother of five children died on Saturday evening after suffering from car crash injuries. It was after the car she was driving rolled on the road in the San Tan Valley around 5.40 p.m. Many pedestrians reported the crash to PCSO whereby Nance was discovered by medical personnel unconscious and severe head trauma, but she was still breathing. According to the police investigators, the car seemed to have drifted away from the road after the driver had lost control and she had overcorrected.
Based on the continued investigations, it seemed that the accident was not caused by either impairment or speed. The loss of control and overcorrection of the driver into the left side of the road had led to the car crash. According to Gaffney, the car was involved in a series of spins and rolled down to the dirt embankment where Nance was ejected from the car. It seems that Nance was not wearing the seat belt. Nance was flown to the nearby hospital, Osborn hospital whereby she succumbed to the injuries at 5.45 p.m Saturday.
The traffic Deputies of PCSO within the vehicular crimes unit who took part in the investigations committed to taking on their family from the Christmas. They would also take the children for shopping for gifts based on the sheriff’s Santa program. It shows that the Vehicular Crimes Division had comprehensive experience in dealing with the crisis in the society. The humanistic approach would help in dealing with the crisis. The theory helps the children of the women to overcome the trauma (Luber, & Shapiro, 2009). In such a case, the humanistic model assists individuals to get meaning from their lives and overcome the challenges of losing a person.
Humanistic Approach Theory
From a humanistic perspective, a traumatic situation defines a disruption that is serious to threaten the existing norms and personal lives of people. For example, the death of Nance led to the helpless for their children who would encounter traumatic conditions in their daily lives. The humanistic theory to trauma helps in encouraging people to overcome death anxiety (Roberts, & Ottens, 2005). It helps them to discover their identity and a new understanding of life and moving above the existing levels of functioning.
The humanistic approach would also help in dealing with the two main paradoxes of human condition including fate and freedom, and unity and uniqueness. These are the main aspects of psychology relating to trauma. In most occasions, people struggles in understanding their rational senses and value in life. The theory also introduces the aspects of faith that strongly relates to religion or spirit. James and Gilliland (2017) notes that religion plays a significant role in formulating a universal order of existence in the society. Religion abhors chaos and intolerance. Thus, religion is a critical element of the humanistic approach to addressing the crisis in the society. Transformative events are also helping to help victims of accidents to overcome traumatic experiences and aspects in their lives.
In conclusion, while dealing with the trauma of losing parents and loved ones, the counselor role is to help the victims to get the meaning of life and identity in life. The professional counselors are expected to communicate and interact with the victims to understand what they feel. Understanding their personal feelings and thinking would also help in convincing them to overcome the loss and move on (Myer & Moore, 2006). However, it is not easy for the counselors to perform their work well. In spite of all, this type of trauma and crisis requires the counselor to explain the importance of religion and accepting life occurrences.
References
James, R. K., & Gilliland, B. E. (2017). Crisis intervention strategies (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Luber, M., & Shapiro, F. (2009). Interview with Francine Shapiro: Historical overview, present issues, and future directions of EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice & Research, 3(4), 217–231. doi: 10.1891/1933-3196.3.4.217.
Myer, R. A., & Moore, H. B. (2006). Crisis in context theory: An ecological model. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(2), 139–147. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6678.2006.tb00389.x
Roberts, A. R., & Ottens, A. J. (2005). The seven-stage crisis intervention model: A road map to goal attainment, problem solving, and crisis resolution. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 5(4), 329–339. doi:10.1093/brief-treatment/mhi030.
