Write a 5–6 page, APA-formatted report that explains the responses to a global event, how issues of race, class, and gender may have affected the response, and the role of international and altruistic organizations in providing health care services related to the event. Describe barriers to receiving health care services related to the event, and explain the role of the professional nurse in providing health care services related to the global event.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
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Competency 1: Write my Essay Online Writing Service with Professional Essay Writers – Explain the factors that affect the health of communities.
Write my Essay Online Writing Service with Professional Essay Writers – Explain the response to a global event at the local and national levels.
Write my Essay Online Writing Service with Professional Essay Writers – Explain how social attitudes and issues of race, class, and/or gender may impact the response to a global event.
Write my Essay Online Writing Service with Professional Essay Writers – Explain the role of international and altruistic organizations in providing health care services during a global event.
Competency 2: Apply evidence-based interventions to promote health and disease prevention and respond to community health issues.
Write my Essay Online Writing Service with Professional Essay Writers – Explain the role of the professional nurse in providing health care services related to global events.
Competency 3: Develop an evidence-based nursing response for providing health care services related to community crises.
Describe barriers to health care services during a global event.
Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations for a nursing professional.
Write content clearly and logically with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
Correctly format paper, citations, and references, using current APA style.
Competency Map
Check Your Progress
Use this online tool to track your performance and progress through your course.
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Context
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), natural disasters kill approximately 90,000 people and impact another 160 million people every year (2015). Natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, and wildfires not only have an immediate impact on those who live in and around the affected area, they also often have a longer-term effect on the health and well-being of those impacted. Developing countries are frequently unable to respond to natural disasters effectively and efficiently because they lack resources, infrastructure, and disaster-preparedness systems.
Poor health care systems in developing countries also make these countries more vulnerable to epidemics such as the recent outbreak of Ebola in Chad, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. According to a report from Save the Children (2015), some developing countries have less than one health care worker for every 2,000 people. Other diseases such as malaria and pneumonia account for as many as 17,000 child deaths every day (Save the Children, 2015).
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Nurses can provide critical skills during times of global events. Whether by volunteering directly at the site of the event or by recruiting, screening, and training other professional nurses behind the scenes, nurses are crucial to global relief efforts.
References
Save the Children. (2015). A wake-up call: Lessons from Ebola for the world’s health systems. Retrieved from https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/savethechildren.org/atf/cf/%7B9def2ebe-10ae-432c-9bd0-df91d2eba74a%7D/WAKE%20UP%20CALL%20REPORT%20PDF.PDF
World Health Organization. (2015). Natural disaster profiles. Retrieved from https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/who.int/topics/emergencies/en/
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Questions to Consider
To deepen your understanding, you are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of the business community.
What does it mean to be a global citizen?
What responsibility do health care professionals assume during times of global events, by being global citizens?
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Resources
Suggested Resources
The following optional resources are provided to support you in completing the assessment or to provide a helpful context. For additional resources, refer to the Research Resources and Supplemental Resources in the left navigation menu of your courseroom.
Capella Resources
APA Paper Template.
APA Paper Tutorial.
Library Resources
The following e-books or articles from the Capella University Library are linked directly in this course:
Rowthorn, V. (2013). A place for all at the global health table: A case study about creating an interprofessional global health project. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 41(4), 907–914.
Mitani, S., Kako, M., & Mayner, L. (2014). Medical relief for the 2011 Japan earthquake: A nursing account. Nursing & Health Sciences, 16(1), 26–30.
Li, X. H., & Zheng, J. C. (2014). Efficient post-disaster patient transportation and transfer: Experiences and lessons learned in emergency medical rescue in Aceh after the 2004 Asian tsunami. Military Medicine, 179(8), 913–919.
Agusto, F. B., Teboh-Ewungkem, M. I., & Gumel, A. B. (2015). Mathematical assessment of the effect of traditional beliefs and customs on the transmission dynamics of the 2014 Ebola outbreaks. BMC Medicine, 13(1), 1–17.
Charania, N. A., & Tsuji, L. (2012). A community-based participatory approach and engagement process creates culturally appropriate and community informed pandemic plans after the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic: Remote and isolated First Nations communities of Sub-Arctic Ontario, Write my essay for me – CA Essay writer Canada. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 268–276.
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Course Library Guide
A Capella University library guide has been created specifically for your use in this course. You are encouraged to refer to the resources in the BSN-FP4014 – Global Perspectives of Community and Public Service Library Guide to help direct your research.
Internet Resources
Access the following resources by clicking the links provided. Please note that URLs change frequently. Permissions for the following links have either been granted or deemed appropriate for educational use at the time of course publication.
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Health action in crises publications. Retrieved from https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/who.int/hac/publications/en/
Brewer, K. (2010, June). Who will be there? Ethics, the law, and a nurse’s duty to respond in a disaster (ANA Issue Brief). Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/~4af058/globalassets/docs/ana/ethics/who-will-be-there_disaster-preparedness_2017.pdf
DeMoro, R. A. (2014, September 8). The underreported side of the Ebola crisis [Blog]. Retrieved from https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/nationalnursesunited.org/blog/entry/the-underreported-side-of-the-ebola-crisis/
American Nurses Association. (n.d.). Disaster preparedness and response. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/work-environment/health-safety/disaster-preparedness/
Bookstore Resources
The resources listed below are relevant to the topics and assessments in this course and are not required. Unless noted otherwise, these materials are available for purchase from the Capella University Bookstore. When searching the bookstore, be sure to look for the Course ID with the specific –FP (FlexPath) course designation.
Maurer, F. A., & Smith, C. M. (2013). Community/public health nursing practice: Health for families and populations (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: W. B. Saunders.
Chapter 10.
Assessment Instructions
Preparation
Suppose that within your health care organization there is no formal process or structure for health care professionals to volunteer time and services in times of global need. You would like to develop a proposal for establishing a process that would allow nurses and other health care professionals to secure time off to work with a specific worldwide organization, to provide health care services during global events. As part of the proposal, you would need to provide background research to support your request.
Conduct background research on either one of the following to support the proposal you would develop:
Choose one worldwide epidemic, such as the 2009 flu pandemic, 2009 mumps outbreak, 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak, the recent Ebola virus epidemic, or another epidemic. Research articles that focus on how the initial outbreak was handled; the role of social attitudes and issues of race, class, and gender in responding to the outbreak; barriers to people receiving proper health care; and the role of nursing in providing health care services related to the epidemic.
Choose one natural disaster, such as the earthquakes in Haiti, Pakistan, or Nepal; Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar; the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, or any other natural disaster that brought a worldwide response. Research articles that focus on the initial response to the disaster; the role of social attitudes and issues of race, class, and gender in responding to the disaster; barriers to survivors receiving health care; and the role of nursing in providing health care services related to the disaster.
Requirements
For this assessment, develop background research that would support a proposal for an organizational process allowing health care professionals to volunteer time and services when global events happen. First, identify the global event you will be using in your research, and then:
Write my Essay Online Writing Service with Professional Essay Writers – Explain how the local and national (meaning the nation in which the event took place) communities responded to the event. Who responded? How long did the first response take? How did health care providers respond?
Write my Essay Online Writing Service with Professional Essay Writers – Explain how social attitudes, as well as issues of race, class, gender, or other factors may have influenced the response to the event. Be sure you consider not only the response of the home country, but the global response as well.
Describe barriers to health care services for the people impacted by the event. Some barriers may be obvious, and other barriers less obvious; try to consider multiple aspects.
Write my Essay Online Writing Service with Professional Essay Writers – Explain the role of international health organizations and altruistic organizations in providing health care services related to the global event.
Write my Essay Online Writing Service with Professional Essay Writers – Explain the role of the professional nurse in providing health care services related to the global event. Consider scope of practice when working professionally out of one’s area of license—either nationally or globally.
Additional Requirements
Complete your assessment using the following specifications:
Title page and reference page.
Number of pages: 5–6 (not including the title and reference pages).
At least 4 current scholarly or professional resources.
APA format for the entire document, including citations and references.
Times New Roman font, 12-point, double-spaced.
Global Events
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak is a global epidemic that has led to the loss of lives especially in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Statistics from the Center for Disease Control indicate that over 11,000 people lost their lives while over 28,000 cases were reported. The magnitude of the epidemic requires the response and input of both local and international healthcare organizations. The first time Ebola was reported in the three countries, the local healthcare organizations responded by carrying out tests to investigate the case. However, there were various barriers to healthcare including race, gender, and class that prevented the affected communities. The role of international health organizations including the World Health Organization was crucial in detecting the cases, offering treatment and stopping the outbreak. Nurses also provided professional help through training local people on how to deal with the situation. Global events such as the Ebola outbreak require the involvement of different professionals and the elimination of barriers to quality healthcare.
Local Response
Health officials from Equateur province reported the first cases of suspected Ebola attack to the ministry of health in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Within a period of one month, the health officials invested the cases and in collaboration with the World Health Organization, an outbreak was declared (DeMoro, 2014). The healthcare teams responded by involving a multidisciplinary team of experts to confirm the incidences of patients who were dying of hemorrhage. The local healthcare officials initiated a program called contact racing to track all the people who had come into contact with Ebola victims (DeMoro, 2014). The contact racing strategy was launched with hundreds of social workers being trained to venture into the affected areas. The role of contacting racing was meant to track the outbreak by monitoring the health of all people who had been affected.
The local health authorities also responded by sending people door-to-door to check their health and monitor their progress. The people who were infected or had signs of Ebola were transported for more tests. Additionally, those who died of the pandemic were transported for safe burial within 24 hours (Coltart, Lindsey, Ghinai, Johnson & Heymann, 2017). Therefore, the role of the healthcare providers was to ensure they stop the outbreak from spreading, treat the infected people and promote the stability of the country’s healthcare. The healthcare providers were also crucial in preventing further spread of the disease by educating people on how to identify signs of the condition and how to respond.
Factors Influencing the Response
Ebola outbreak response was affected by various factors including gender, social attitudes, race, and class. For example, women were more affected since their social roles exposed them to the infection. Women in the Democratic Republic of Congo were more affected compared to men since they have a responsibility of taking care of the sick, taking them to hospital and preparing them for burial (Coltart, Lindsey, Ghinai, Johnson & Heymann, 2017). The events exposed more women and girls to the disease compared to men and boys. Additionally, social attitudes affected the response since people would excommunicate infected people from the village to avoid spreading the condition (Li & Zheng, 2014). The social issues lead to an increase in the condition as compared to a reduction. When one person was found infected, the whole family was sent away to avoid spreading it.
The race or ethnic background affected the response to the condition since some people believed that the disease was a result of a curse or witchcraft. Therefore, they did not consider it as a case that required medical attention (Li & Zheng, 2014). The locals failed to collaborate with the health agencies that were trying to identify the cases and stop the outbreak. Additionally, ethnic communities that were living far away from medical centers were more affected compared to those living in rural areas (Li & Zheng, 2014). Social class also another factor since the wealthy and the people in authorities were first attended to as compared to those with low social class status.
Barriers to Healthcare
Ebola outbreak spread fast due to the health barriers that existed in West African countries. One of the barriers is the lack of access to healthcare services. Some of the communities affected by the condition lived away from urban areas. They were unable to access medical services (Mitani, Kako & Mayner, 2014). The available health facilities were later flooded by people who were seeking medical care. The government and international health agencies set up mobile clinics which were also overwhelmed. Additionally, the cost of treatment was costly and involved experienced professionals who were rare in the country (Rowthorn, 2013). Although agencies such as the World Health Organization tried to help, they could not reach all the affected areas. The doctors could also travel hundreds of miles before reaching their patients thus increasing the mortality rates.
Limited education on healthcare tips in regards to handling Ebola attack led to more cases of deaths. Family members would take off their sick relatives at home without taking them to the hospital. The care involved coming into contact with the body fluids which lead to a fast spread of the disease (Agusto, Teboh-Ewungkem & Gumel, 2015). In some cases, the virus wiped out a whole family due to lack of knowledge. Additionally, people did not accept the health workers who went door-to-door to check the people affected by the disease. The resistance was a cause of the disease (DeMoro, 2014). Additionally, the condition overwhelmed the medical professionals who had been employed by the government and those that had volunteered. Therefore, a shortage of professionals was one of the reasons why cases spread fast.
Role of International Health Organizations
International health organizations such as the World Health Organization are essential in promoting the quality of healthcare globally. The reason is that they stop the spread of a disease from one country to another (DeMoro, 2014). For example, the World Health Organization played a crucial in preventing the spread of the disease to neighboring countries in West Africa. Additionally, they have the skills, data, and experience that helps in making critical decisions to promote healthcare. The data is used to carry out tests to confirm outbreaks. For example, the World Health Organization helped the three West African countries to confirm the outbreak. It is also important to note that they are effective in supplying the essential medical equipment and drugs to a country (Coltart, Lindsey, Ghinai, Johnson & Heymann, 2017). In the case of the West African countries, they had limited resources to handle the outbreak, but the international health organizations assisted them to save the situation. They are also crucial in carrying out comprehensive research to provide answers to the global issues of healthcare. The research assisted the agencies to stop the outbreak after a few months.
Role of Professional Nurse
The role of a nurse in the provision of healthcare away from their licensed areas of operation is to collaborate with the local health agencies to promote healthcare. The nurse will be responsible for providing the expertise that the local nurses may be missing (Li & Zheng, 2014). For example, the nurses working under the World Health Organization were crucial in training the local nurses on how to respond to the situation. The reason is that some of the local nurses died since they did not know how to handle the situation. Additionally, the global nurse is responsible for training social workers in an area that had a limited number of qualified professionals. The social workers will be responsible for providing information on the situation on the ground. Nurses working with global organizations are responsible for helping the local nurses to break the barriers that affect access to healthcare (Li & Zheng, 2014). For example, they may set up free medical centers. The reason is that they are paid by their government back at home and thus they can offer free medical care. They have a role of reaching patients at their grassroots level to promote access to health care services.
Conclusion
Healthcare professionals have a mandate to provide healthcare services to all affected people while overcoming all barriers to healthcare. The barriers that affect healthcare is cost, which can be overcome by enhancing access and involving global nurses to reduce the cost of treatment. The response to Ebola attack was successful due to the involvement of local and global nurses. Nurses working under the World Health Organization were effective in handling cases of Ebola since they had the required experienced. The response to Ebola attack was hindered by class, gender, and ethnic background. It is thus necessary to wipe out the barriers to stop the outbreak and provide a lasting solution.
References
Rowthorn, V. (2013). A place for all at the global health table: A case study about creating an interprofessional global health project. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 41(4), 907–914.
Mitani, S., Kako, M., & Mayner, L. (2014). Medical relief for the 2011 Japan earthquake: A nursing account. Nursing & Health Sciences, 16(1), 26–30.
Li, X. H., & Zheng, J. C. (2014). Efficient post-disaster patient transportation and transfer: Experiences and lessons learned in emergency medical rescue in Aceh after the 2004 Asian tsunami. Military Medicine, 179(8), 913–919.
Agusto, F. B., Teboh-Ewungkem, M. I., & Gumel, A. B. (2015). Mathematical assessment of the effect of traditional beliefs and customs on the transmission dynamics of the 2014 Ebola outbreaks. BMC Medicine, 13(1), 1–17.
Coltart, C. E., Lindsey, B., Ghinai, I., Johnson, A. M., & Heymann, D. L. (2017). The Ebola outbreak, 2013–2016: old lessons for new epidemics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 372(1721), 20160297.
DeMoro, R. A. (2014). The underreported side of the Ebola crisis [Blog]. Retrieved from https://monkessays.com/write-my-essay/nationalnursesunited.org/blog/entry/the-underreported-side-of-the-ebola-crisis/
