1. A reward can interfere with a punisher when: (page 138)(a) reward and punishment fail to arouse approach-avoidance conflict(b) the punishment is not consistent(c) the punishing event becomes a secondary positive reinforcer(d) none of the above- rewards never interfere with punishment2. Self-Injurious Behavior tends to be treated with:(a) reinforcement(b) punishment(c) aversion therapy(d) learned helplessness3. The idea that words from the same semantic category can be recalled together even if they were not presented as part of the same list is the core idea underlying:(a) categorical clustering(b) subjective organization(c) associative clustering(d) matrix recall4. The finding that certain amnesiacs have impaired episodic LTM but preserved semantic LTM (or vice-versa) suggests that:(a) LTM is always damaged in amnesia(b) STM is always damaged in amnesia(c) episodic and semantic LTM are distinct from one another(d) doctors donât really understand the disease5. Which of the following is NOT known to produce memory loss?(a) electroconvulsive therapy(b) an unusual word appearing in the middle of a list of other words(c) the inducing of frustration in infants(d) none of the above6. Adam is trying to remember information for his psychology exam, but similar information that he studied in sociology is also being retrieved, interfering with his thinking process. This interference is most similar to:(a) priming(b) the fan effect(c) spreading of activation(d) procedural memory7. An early, but ultimately incorrect, approach to understanding the biology of memory was:(a) the modularity approach(b) long-term potentiation(c) the formation of memory molecules(d) all of the above8. As Melanie sits in class paying attention to the new material being presented by her professor, this information, in its unconsolidated state, is likely being processed in which storage system?(a) sensory memory(b) short-term memory(c) long-term memory(d) implicit memory9. One study on remembering knowledge learned in school assessed learning 4 and 11 months after completion of a course. Grades fell about on the delayed tests.(a) 10%(b) 20%(c) 50%(d) none of the above10. After practicing all summer long, Madison has finally learned how to make a baseball curve when she throws it. This ability can best be described as: (a) implicit learning(b) spatial learning(c) stimulus-response learning(d) motor skill learning11. Tommy has been running the 1-mile race for his track team for the past 5 years. His best times in each of the past 5 years, respectively, have been 5:30, 5:02, 4:40, 4:30, and 4:25. Assuming his training proceeds according to plan, which of the following times should he be capable of running this year, according to the power law?(a) 3:59(b) 4:02(c) 4:23(d) 4:1012. Janet is learning how to type, in the context of a single-session lab-based psychology experiment. To maximize typing performance in this context, the best type of feedback should be delivered how soon after each typing trial? (a) 1 minute(b) 1 hour(c) immediately(d) 10 minutes.13. Very young children tend to rely on data to encode information, whereas older children and adults utilize data during encoding.(a) sensory; motor(b) sensory; verbal(c) verbal; motor(d) motor; sensory14. Cindy, a 6-year-old, is presented with several random strings of letters to commit to memory. Which of the following strings is she most likely to remember in the correct order?(a) RQY(b) BHFZP(c) MPLSTGX(d) WYZDHLPMT15. In a 1-room schoolhouse with students of all ages, Mr. Smith notices that some of his students are taking notes about what is being discussed in class, whereas others are not. Which of the following students would be most likely to be one of the students taking notes?(a) Joe, a 5-year-old boy(b) Jen, a 6-year-old girl(c) Victor, a 9-year-old boy(d) Rhonda, a 12-year-old girl16. Dr. Marie has a 23-year-old female patient that is having problems with her spatial memory. Giving this patient an estrogen supplement to boost her memory will likely have what effect on her memory dysfunction?(a) it will eliminate it(b) it will make it worse(c) it will have no long term impact(d) it will make her smarter
Studying optimal fleet management and vessel routing for oil tankers in the Red Sea region using analytics and simulation modeling
The Red Sea region is a critical maritime passage connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa. It handles over **10% of global trade** and sees approximately **9 million barrels of oil** pass through it every day. Given its strategic importance, efficient fleet management and vessel routing are essential for ensuring uninterrupted oil supply to consumers worldwide. ## […]
