Constipation after cesarean surgery:
Constipation is a common issue that many women experience after undergoing a cesarean section, or C-section, delivery. The surgery, anesthesia, and postpartum recovery process can all contribute to slowed digestion and difficult bowel movements. In this article, we will explore the causes of constipation related to C-sections, tips for prevention and relief, and when to see a doctor.
Causes of Post-Cesarean Constipation
There are several factors that may lead to constipation after a C-section:
Reduced Activity Levels
The incision site from a C-section takes time to heal fully. In the early postpartum period, it is common for women to limit their activity and mobility to avoid straining the incision (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG], 2021). Less movement and exercise can slow digestion.
Pain Medications
Many women are prescribed opioid pain relievers like codeine or oxycodone after a C-section to manage incision pain. Opioids are well-known to cause constipation as a side effect by slowing intestinal movement (Mayo Clinic, 2022).
Stress of New Parenthood
The stress of caring for a newborn baby while also recovering from major surgery can disrupt normal bowel habits. The “fourth trimester” is a big adjustment period that may exacerbate constipation (ACOG, 2021).
Changes in Diet and Hydration
It can be difficult to eat a balanced, fiber-rich diet and drink enough water when taking care of a new baby. Dehydration and low fiber intake both contribute to harder, less frequent bowel movements (Harvard Health Publishing, 2020).
Prevention and Relief of Post-Cesarean Constipation
There are proactive steps women can take to help prevent or relieve constipation after delivery:
Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day (Harvard Health Publishing, 2020).
Gradually increase fiber intake with whole grains, fruits, and vegetables once bowel movements become regular again (Mayo Clinic, 2022).
Gentle walking or other light exercise as tolerated can help “get things moving” (ACOG, 2021).
Stool softeners containing docusate can be used short-term if needed (Mayo Clinic, 2022).
Milk of magnesia or other osmotic laxatives may provide relief if softer stools are not achieved with lifestyle changes alone (Harvard Health Publishing, 2020).
Staying on a schedule for meals and bathroom visits can help re-establish regular bowel habits (ACOG, 2021).
When to See a Doctor
Most cases of post-Cesarean constipation will improve within 2-4 weeks with lifestyle adjustments (ACOG, 2021). However, women should see their doctor if:
Constipation lasts longer than 1-2 weeks despite home remedies.
Stools become small and hard like pebbles (indicating possible impaction).
Severe abdominal pain or bloating occurs.
Bowel movements are fewer than three per week on a consistent basis.
The doctor can evaluate for other underlying causes and may prescribe a short course of mild laxatives if needed to re-establish regularity (Harvard Health Publishing, 2020).
In summary, constipation is a common issue after C-sections due to surgery, medications, diet changes and reduced activity levels. Most cases resolve within a few weeks, but seeing a doctor sooner rather than later ensures proper treatment if needed. With patience and lifestyle modifications, regular bowel habits can return.
References
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2021). Postpartum care. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/postpartum-care
Harvard Health Publishing. (2020, November). Constipation after childbirth. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/constipation-after-childbirth-202011092465
Mayo Clinic. (2022, February 8). Constipation. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/constipation/symptoms-causes/syc-20354253
