Week 8
Chapters 18-19.
Female Genitalia;male Genitalia.
Midsagittal view of the female pelvic organs.
Summarize the ovulation cycle and identify the functions of the hormones produced
.
An older woman who has stopped regular menstruation asks whether she can still become pregnant. What is the best response you can give this patient?
What is the name of the tissue that separates the anterior wall of the vagina from the bladder and urethra?
Name the four bones that form the pelvis
why it is important to teach mothers correct perineal care for their newborn infant daughters.
What possibility must you consider if in a child you observe vaginal swelling of the vulvar tissues accompanied by bruising or foul-smelling discharge?
Describe premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Identify and explain positions other than the lithotomy in which a pelvic examination can be performed.
You are about to conduct a pelvic examination on an adolescent girl. What should you take time to do before carrying out the examination?
A 12-year-old girl is experiencing a vaginal mucus discharge. What can you tell this girl to decrease her anxiety?
A new mother is frightened by the appearance of blood-tinged mucus at her newborn daughter’s vaginal entrance. What response can alleviate this woman’s anxiety?
MC is a 28-year-old patient who presents to the urgent care for complaints of abdominal pain and cramping. Today she has noticed a yellow vaginal discharge.
Her past medical history is noncontributory. She admits to having multiple sexual partners with unprotected intercourse
1-What additional questions regarding her vaginal discharge could you ask at this point?
2- Describe the stages of salpingitis.
3- What physical assessment findings on the vaginal examination and bimanual would you expect to see if the patient has salpingitis?
Male pelvic organs
A 60-year-old man asks you whether it is still possible for him to become a father. How would you respond to this patient? What effect does aging have on male fertility?
Which part of the male genitalia is a soft, comma-shaped structure located on the posterolateral and upper aspect of the testis in 90% of males and provides for storage, maturation, and transit of sperm?
Differentiate between the external genitalia for a male and female fetus at both 8 weeks and 12 weeks of gestation.
Summarize the pros and cons of newborn circumcision.
The mother of a newborn you are examining voices concern that one of her son’s testicles has not yet “appeared.” What can you tell this mother to reassure her?
What is the expected time for final descent of the testes into the scrotal sac?
Homework help – Discuss how do you could effectively work with a child to evaluate the testicles.
You are performing a genital examination on a 12-year-old boy who seems noticeably embarrassed and nervous. What communication measures can be included to decrease anxiety and facilitate the examination?
A patient has an erection while you are performing a genital examination. What is the best response to decrease anxiety and embarrassment?
Describe the cremasteric reflex.
__________________________________________
The ovulation cycle refers to the monthly reproductive cycle in females, during which an egg is released from the ovary and can potentially be fertilized by sperm. The cycle is regulated by various hormones. Here is a summary of the ovulation cycle and the functions of the hormones involved:
Follicular Phase: This phase begins with the start of menstruation. The hormone follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is released by the pituitary gland, which stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovary. One dominant follicle continues to mature and produces estrogen.
Ovulation: The surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers the release of the mature egg from the ovary, which is then available for fertilization. This usually occurs around the middle of the menstrual cycle.
Luteal Phase: After ovulation, the ruptured follicle forms the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone and some estrogen. These hormones prepare the uterus for possible implantation of a fertilized egg.
If an older woman has stopped regular menstruation, she is likely experiencing menopause. During menopause, the ovulation cycle stops, and pregnancy becomes highly unlikely. However, it is still important to practice contraception until a healthcare provider confirms that menopause has occurred.
The tissue that separates the anterior wall of the vagina from the bladder and urethra is called the urethrovaginal septum.
The four bones that form the pelvis are:
Sacrum
Coccyx
Right and left hip bones (also known as innominate bones), each consisting of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
Teaching mothers correct perineal care for their newborn infant daughters is important to maintain good hygiene and prevent infections. By properly cleaning the perineal area, mothers can reduce the risk of urinary tract infections and other complications.
If in a child you observe vaginal swelling of the vulvar tissues accompanied by bruising or foul-smelling discharge, it is important to consider the possibility of sexual abuse. These signs may indicate trauma or infection and should be further investigated by a healthcare professional.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to a collection of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur in the days or weeks before menstruation. Symptoms can vary but commonly include mood swings, bloating, breast tenderness, fatigue, and irritability. The exact cause of PMS is not known, but hormonal changes and neurotransmitter fluctuations are believed to play a role.
In addition to the lithotomy position (lying on the back with feet in stirrups), a pelvic examination can also be performed in other positions, such as the lateral position (lying on the side with knees bent), standing position with one foot on a chair or examining table, or the knee-chest position (resting on the knees and chest with buttocks elevated).
Before conducting a pelvic examination on an adolescent girl, it is important to take time to establish rapport and trust with the patient. Write my Essay Online Writing Service with Professional Essay Writers – Explain the procedure in simple terms, addressing any concerns or questions the patient may have. Obtain proper consent and ensure privacy and modesty during the examination.
For a 12-year-old girl experiencing vaginal mucus discharge, it is important to reassure her that vaginal discharge is a normal part of a girl’s development. Write my Essay Online Writing Service with Professional Essay Writers – Explain that the discharge helps to keep the vagina clean and healthy, and it may increase as she approaches puberty.
If a new mother notices blood-tinged mucus at her newborn daughter’s vaginal entrance, it is important to reassure her that this is normal. The presence of blood-tinged mucus is due to the influence of maternal hormones, and it typically resolves on its own within a few days to weeks
