Posted: August 15th, 2022

People harbor a wide range of beliefs and value systems

Assignment help – Discussion Board

101

Assignment help – Discussion board threads must be 500 words.
DB 1
compose a 500 word argument that is objective, carefully-constructed, and free of emotion (and
hence it should not contain any exclamation points) in support of your opinion about ethical
relativism. First, explain exactly what ethical relativism is. Provide an explanation of relativism
using your own words Second, present the strengths and weaknesses of ethical relativism.
Finally, argue either that ethical relativism is true or that it is false, explaining why you think
your opinion is correct. Whichever side you take on the issue, please treat both sides with
respect.
Be sure to carefully define your terms. You are encouraged to support your position with rational
arguments, fitting examples, and expert sources. Any quotes or information used from sources
other than yourself must be cited using footnotes in current Turabian format and will not
count towards the total word count.

Assignment help – Discussion board threads must be 500 words.
DB 2
Topic: Is it ever moral to break a promise? A rational analysis and conclusion.
Thread:
Why is promise-keeping morally important?
Is it ever morally permissible to break a promise?
If you answer “yes” to #2, then what are the conditions that render promise-breaking morally
acceptable?
If you answer “no” to #2, then explain why you believe it is never permissible. How would you
handle difficult scenarios wherein someone has made a promise the keeping of which would
have significant undesirable consequences?

Is it ever morally obligatory to break a promise?
If you answer “yes” to #5, what are the conditions that render promise-breaking morally
obligatory?
current Turabian format
Assignment help – Discussion 1

People harbor a wide range of beliefs and value systems that critically mirror their own beliefs and intrinsic values systems that they are born with or categorically shaped and reinforced through their personal experience. Cultural identity being values that shape and dictate to individual sense of purpose and belonging also play a great role in dictating individual persons’ world view and the general societal perspective and value system. To understand ethical relativism, it becomes important to understand the formation of a culture within the society. cultures have differing value systems that feed of their people’s beliefs, wants and perspective. Conformity within the culture becomes essential in building trust and compel association. As such, what might be an unwanted/unethical practice in one culture, might be perfectly legal and even moral in another culture. Hatoss identifies that personal belief system to be formulated through a wide range of factors that are not easily and necessarily placed into one standard definition stating that the arbitrary improvement of character may be somewhat intentional and purposeful, in part steady and consequently much of the time not actually totally aware, somewhat a consequence of interactional trade and contestation, somewhat an aftereffect of other’s observations and depictions, and somewhat an effect of greater . As such, what one views as bad or unethical, might be perfectly fine and moral in another person’s moral compass. If such said value gain popularity within a group, they thus gain status and become part of their culture. The theory of Ethical or Moral relativism claims that morality or ethical nature of a subject is relative to one’s culture based on the formulated belief system that defines the culture separate from another. Therefore, perfect example would be how various societies view suicide. The act is viewed with some regard of relativity, in some as sin while in others as a genuine cry for help that needs to be addressed. Therefore, in some societies suicide victims will be punishable by law while in some, it will be a point in time when all the help will be accorded to the person. Velasquez et al argues that ethical relativism is weak since moral relativism all pay homage to universal moral principles that remain to guide the general moral compact among societies . Slavery while wrong in most of the world and even I some regions within America, remain to be justified by law and continually allowed to flourish. Additionally, moral relativism has greater effects on individual belief systems. Velasquez identifies that when the right and wrong values of an action become dependent on what the societal norm identifies then a person becomes obligated to obey the norms of his society as a member and a tendency to create differing view will see the person being branded as immoral. For example, in a society where racism or lynching of thieves and other wrong doers is common, an individual may hold that the belief that this is wrong. But since it is justified before the law and it remains to be the norm, the individual will and cannot do anything to criticize these actions. Since criticizing the actions would be immoral and may hold him palpable before the law. Nonetheless, I believe that the argument of whether ethical relativism is bad or good is relative to the society’s enlightenment with regards to the common laws of man that govern all other societies of the world.

Assignment help – Discussion 2

A promise is a social contract that binds one to an action that may or may not be of benefit to him or her but has a general gain to be made. Human beings depend greatly upon a variety of social norms to coexist and survive. Social interaction is one of the more common values that most human beings harbor that in turn create value to their personal character development and general association within their society. In this regard, within the social value system a person’s word may be an aspect that promotes his social importance and ties him to the people. To violate an obligation that one agreed upon in the first place is morally wrong. Promises often compel people to be obligated to a certain task and breaking a promise become an injustice because it is breaking an act of agreement done in sincerity. Sheehan identifies that people may promise for a variety of reason, they may promise because they do not seek to disappoint but at the same time, in order to end a certain action such as a conversation they seek to be involved but at the same time have a chance to gain personally Promising is an essential part of human interaction. Sheehan identifies that breaking the promise in itself is not wrong but the moral principles and standards bring forth guilt when a promise is broken. Additionally, a promise is an act of compromise based on the fact that there is likelihood that one will gain personally from another. There are agreed parameters within any action of promising as such, the deed promised is guided upon by those actions. Sinderbrand identifies that promising is a social right since it transfers rights that are supported by the social norms from one individual to another There is a motivation that brings about the promise and allows one to give up their social rights and be obligated to perform an action for the benefit of another since they will also gain something in the process. Sheehan identifies that promises is a moral obligation that restricts a person’s action to another one and morally within the scope of values that the parties hold ties them to their word . No, It is never morally permissible to break a promise since the obligatory nature of the promise will create a deeper sense of disappointment and guilt, but one has to way between the two sense guilt which one is likely to harbor more damages than the other on his conscience. Promises with undesirable consequences are to be weighed over the person’s conscience and what they are likely to lose in the event that they do not keep a promise. The wrongs involved in breaking a promise abides in the action of damaging the practice of promising. This creates a sense of distrust and lack of commitment in the level of relationship established and as such, the other party will be viewed as not worth it in this regard. On the other hand, one will view the amount of damages they will likely incur by keeping the promise and measure it with regards to their own motivations and wants. Finally, No it is never morally obligatory to break a promise. To break a promise is to cause harm to the culture of promise as a whole and the other party’s sense of perceived trust. This is because you willingly gave them your social rights and became obligated to the task and were fully aware that you are giving them up.

Bibliography
Hatoss, Anikó n.d. “Where Are You From? Identity Construction And Experiences Of ‘Othering’ In The Narratives Of Sudanese Refugee-Background Australians”. Discourse & Society 23 (1): 47-68. doi:10.1177/0957926511419925.
Sheehan, Henry Patrick Glanville. 2016. “The Making And Breaking Of Promises”. Discovery.Ucl.Ac.Uk. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1474871/1/Sheehan_Completed%20Thesis.pdf.
Sinderbrand, Molly Beth. 2016. “A Practical Theory Of Promising”. Repository.Upenn.Edu. https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3805&context=edissertations.
Velasquez,, Manuel, Michael J. Meyer, and Claire Andre, Thomas Shanks,. 2019. “Ethical Relativism”. Scu.Edu. https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/ethical-relativism/.

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