Posted: September 2nd, 2022

Advanced Pharmacology

Advanced Pharmacology
Kinetics of medication or pharmacokinetics involves the process of drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination from the body system. Pharmacokinetics reduces with age or people with illnesses such as liver failure (Palatini & De Martin, 2016). Liver failure affects the architecture, proper functioning, flow of blood and drug-metabolizing enzymes. Liver disease affects the hepatic flow of blood, which is an essential function of the liver in the process of drug metabolism process in the body. Additionally, the liver is the primary site for drug metabolism and thus other organs cannot compliment the role of the liver (Mirzaei et al., 2017). When the liver fails it means the drug components cannot be chemically altered or metabolized active metabolites (Moore, Wong, Zhang, Pan & Foody, 2018). In some cases, the metabolism may transform the active metabolites into inactive forms depending on the function of a drug. Therefore, a person with liver problems will experience reduced metabolism of drug components.
Elderly patients have various challenges with their crucial body organs which are essential to the kinetics of medication. The crucial organs such as liver have a decreased functionality which leads to slow metabolism (Mirzaei et al., 2017). For example, elderly patients experienced reduced blood flow as patients advance in age. Other changes that occur with age include reduced amount of drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as reduced blood liver flow. It is also important to note that pseudocapillarization of the liver is another factor that affects kinetics of medication (Palatini & De Martin, 2016). Therefore, elderly patients are provided with custom medication to enhance their functionality. A nurse can also avoid prescribing some medication to a patient due to liver problems since the absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination will be severely affected.
References
Mirzaei, H., Shakeri, A., Rashidi, B., Jalili, A., Banikazemi, Z., & Sahebkar, A. (2017). Phytosomal curcumin: A review of pharmacokinetics, experimental and clinical studies. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 85, 102-112.
Moore, K. T., Wong, P., Zhang, L., Pan, G., & Foody, J. (2018). Influence of age on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of rivaroxaban. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 34(12), 2053-2061.
Palatini, P., & De Martin, S. (2016). Pharmacokinetic drug interactions in liver disease: An update. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 22(3), 1260.

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Tags: Advanced Pharmacology