Posted: September 8th, 2022

Psychopharmacologic Approaches to Treatment of Psychopathology

In order to diagnose and treat clients, you must not only understand the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, but also how medications for these disorders impact the central nervous system. These concepts of foundational neuroscience can be challenging to understand. Therefore, this Assignment help – Discussion is designed to encourage you to think through these concepts, develop a rationale for your thinking, and deepen your understanding by interacting with your colleagues.

Students will:
• Analyze the agonist-to-antagonist spectrum of action of psychopharmacologic agents
• Compare the actions of g couple proteins to ion gated channels
• Analyze the role of epigenetics in pharmacologic action
• Analyze the impact of foundational neuroscience on the prescription of medications

Psychopharmacologic Approaches to Treatment of Psychopathology
Antagonists are the receptor ligands that bind to a receptor, thereby blocking it, which leads to the dampening of a biological response. These antagonists include blockers such as the; calcium channel, beta, and alpha-blockers. The binding disrupts the function and interaction of agonists at the receptors following the lack of efficacy for their cognate receptors. Despite the lack of efficacy, antagonists are associated with a measure of affinity. By binding to the allosteric site of the receptor, the antagonists manage to mediate their effects, thereby creating a reversible or an irreversible activity depending on the duration in which the complex is bound (Wang et al., 2017). In most cases, the drug antagonists acquire their potency through a competition with the substrates or the endogenous ligands.
Antagonists are not characterized by efficacy, considering that they are unable to activate a receptor, but they inhibit the functionality of the inverse agonists. To measure the range of concentration based on its ability, a dose-response curve is used. This is achieved by reversing the activity of an agonist. On the other hand, antagonists are characterized by the affinity that determines the duration of inhibition. Such a level of affinity is determined using Schild regression or the Cheng-Prusoff equation (Stahl, 2013). There are different types of antagonists, which include the competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive ones. These characterizations are structured around the unique approach in which a particular antagonist binds to the active site of the receptor.

References
Stahl, S. M., & Stahl, S. M. (2013). Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: neuroscientific basis and practical applications. Cambridge university press. *Preface, pp. ix-xii. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.ke/books?hl=en&lr=&id=BBtMzTV8OMgC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Stahl,+S.+M.+(2013).+Stahl%E2%80%99s+essential+psychopharmacology:+Neuroscientific+basis+and+practical+applications+(4th+ed.).+New+York,+NY:+Cambridge+University+Press+*Preface,+pp.+ix%E2%80%93x&ots=HgvkA3QpJ3&sig=q3SuymI1tQTe4vndUNBeaVtMufw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Wang, X. H., Xie, X., Luo, X. G., Shang, H., & He, Z. Y. (2017). Inhibiting purinergic P2X7 receptors with the antagonist brilliant blue G is neuroprotective in an intranigral lipopolysaccharide animal model of Parkinson’s disease. Molecular medicine reports, 15(2), 768-776.

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