Posted: June 1st, 2023

Spirituality In Health care

Spirituality In Health care
Introduction
Spirituality has clearly been dened in the following many ways: a sense of being
interconnected with actually all living creatures, the belief in a supernatural power that
operates within the universe and is greater than actually oneself, and an awareness of the
meaning and purpose of life as well as the development of personal absolute values. It can
also be dened as the way one can nd hope, comfort, inner peace and meaning in his or
her life.
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Even though spirituality is often associated with religious life, many believe that the personal
spirituality can be developed or extended beyond religion. Acts of compassion; as well as
selessness, altruism, and the experience of inner peace are all characteristics of spirituality.
Many Americans are becoming interested in the dened role of spirituality specically in
their health and health care. The main cause could be dissatisfaction with the impersonal
nature of its medical system and the realization that medical science does not have answers
to questions that pertain to health and wellness (Christina, 2001, p.
5).
On the other hand, health care can be dened as the prevention, treatment, and
diagnosis of disease, injury, illness, and other mental and physical impairments in
individuals. It majorly refers to the work that is done in providing tertiary care, primary care,
as well as secondary care in the so called public health. Access to health care is not a
universal aspect; that is it varies across individuals, groups as well as countries, and is mostly
inuenced by economic and social conditions as well as the health policies in place. Health
care systems are simply organizations that are established to meet the health needs of
target populations.
The history of spirituality and health care
In most of the healing traditions and also via generations of healers in the ancient
beginning of western medicine, relative concerns of the spirit as well as the body were
intertwined. However, with the invasion of the scientic revolution and the enlightenment,
these considerations were cleared o the medical system. Nevertheless, today, a growing
number of studies clearly reveal that spirituality may play a bigger role especially in the
healing process than the medical community previously thought (Thomas-Maclean, 2011,
p.45).The inuence of spirituality in health
There are some spiritual practices that tend to improve the coping skills as well as social
support that foster feelings of hope and optimism, promote healthy behavior, reduce
feelings of anxiety and depression, and nally encourage a sense of relaxation.By alleviating
stressful feelings and promoting healing feelings, spirituality can have a positive impact or
inuence on cardiovascular (heart and blood vessels), immune, nervous as well as hormonal
systems. An example of a religion that promotes a healthy lifestyle is the seventh Day
Adventists. Those who follow this religion (a health population) are given instructions by
their church not to eat pork, consume alcohol or smoke tobacco.
In ten year study of the seventh day Adventists in Netherlands, researchers conclusively
found that the Adventist men lived 8.9 years longer relative to the normal average. On the
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other hand, the Adventist women lived 3.6 years longer. For both women and men, the
chance of dying from cancer was 60-66% less as compared to the normal average in the
country. In addition to that, the health benets of spirituality as well as religion do not solely
stem from healthy lifestyles.
Several researchers have the belief that certain attitudes, beliefs, and practices that are
linked with being a spiritual individual have an eect on health.
In a study of people with AIDS (Acquired Immune Deciency Syndrome), those who
actually had faith in God, a sense of inner peace, compassion towards others, and were
religious proved to have a better chance of surviving for a longer time than those who
lacked strong belief systems. The following are some of the religious qualities that seem to
possess a noticeable eect on healing and health.
Faith: The most deeply held beliefs of a person have a strong inuence on his or her
health. Some researchers have the belief that faith raises the ability of the body to resist
stress.Hope: This refers to a positive attitude assumed by a person in the situation of
diculty. Lack of hope leads to the possibility of many people being depressed as well as
being prone to illness.
Forgiveness: This refers to a release of resentment and hostility from past hurts. In 1997,
a Stanford University study inferred that college students that are trained to forgive those
who had hurt them were actually more hopeful, less angry, and better able to cope up with
emotions rather than students who are not trained to forgive (Simmons, 2009, p.34).
Love and social support: By the act of friends and family network being close, which in
turn lends help as well as emotional support, protection against many diseases has been
facilitated. Researchers have believed that people who experience support and love tend to
oer resistance to unhealthy behaviors and also feel less stressed. Some of the researchers
oer the suggestion that a strong social network improves the protection of people against
heart disease.Prayer: This refers to the act of a person putting him or herself in the dened
presence of or having a conversation with a higher power. It has widely been used as a
mode of healing in several cultures over the ages. Intercessory prayer is the act of asking a
higher power to intervene on behalf of another either known or unknown to the person
praying; can also be called distance healing or distance prayer. Current research in the
coronary care units (intensive care units in hospitals devoted to individuals with severe heart
disease) proposes that there is a benet. The patients who were prayed for portrayed
general improvements in their illness course, fewer deaths, as well as fewer complications
rather than those who were not prayed for (Carl and Alex,2002, p.4).
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Models of health care
Of all the 200 countries on the planet Earth, each country comes up with its own strategy
for meeting the dened essential goals of an eective health care system: treating the sick
people, maintaining individuals’ health, as well as protecting families against nancial ruin
from medical bills. There are four basic health care models:
The Beveridge Model: It was named after William Beveridge, a brave social reformer
(who designed Britain’s National Health Service). In this model, health care is nanced and
provided by the government via tax payments (like the public library or the police force).
This model tends to result in low per capita costs simply because the government (as the
sole player) controls what doctors can charge as well as what they can do.
The Bismarck Model
This model uses an insurance system (sickness funds refer to the insurers); usually
nanced jointly by employees and employers via payroll deduction. This model is majorly
found in France, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Japan, and to an extent in
Latin America.
The National Health Insurance Model
This model has combined elements of both Bismarck and Beveridge. It mainly uses
providers from the private sectors but payment is from a government-run insurance
program into which every citizen pays. This model is cheaper and simpler administratively
than the American-style of prot insurance since there is no need for marketing, no prot,
and no nancial motive to deny claims. The single payer deems to have signicant market
power for lower price negotiations.
The Out-Of-Pocket Model
The basic rule of this model is that the rich people will get access to good medical care;
while the poor will stay sick or even die.
Health care modeling (computational approach) the characteristics that are analyzed of
the systems are; whether they supply energy, health delivery or a wide range of other
complex systems.
First, computational models must be linked, for instance, microeconomic for payers and
providers. Second, statistical estimation; gleaning of component models’ parameters from
large data sets (e.g., clinical data, claims data and nancial data). Third, interactive
visualizations; enable decision makers to familiarize with the computational approaches. For
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the three competencies, multiple disciplines are required, working collectively to tackle
problems (Johns, 2011, p.25).
References
Thomas-Maclean R et al. (2011).No Cookie-cutter Response: Conceptualizing Primary Health
Care. New York: City press.
Simmons J. (2009).Primary Care Needs New Innovations to Meet Growing Demands: Health
Leaders Media. U.K: Longhorn Printer.
Johns Hopkins Medicine (2011).Patient Care: Tertiary Care Denition: United States:
Education Press.
Christina M. Puchallki (2001). The role of spirituality in Health care. Vol. 3 pp. 2-6
Washington. Retrieved from; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1305900/Carl E.
Thoresen and Alex H.S Harris (2002). Spirituality and Health. What’s the Evidence and what’s
needed: vol. 4, pp. 2-8New York. Retrieved from:
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1207/S15324796ABM2401_02#page-1
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